Sistemática molecular de Atta laevigata (Smith 1858) e Acromyrmex balzani (Emery 1890)
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2007-06-01
Autores
Vinha, Giovana Gonçalves [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As espécies de formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Atta laevigata e Acromyrmex balzani, possuem importância agrícola e econômica por serem pragas de pastagens, florestas e plantas cultivadas em geral, em diferentes regiões das Américas, com consideráveis perdas de matéria vegetal e conseqüentes prejuízos para a agricultura e pecuária. Portanto, um melhor conhecimento sobre as espécies permitirá a adoção de medidas mais eficazes de controle. As espécies possuem uma história taxonômica marcada por controvérsias, devido ao embasamento da sistemática em caracteres morfológicos, muitos dos quais com variabilidade individual e polimorfismos nas diferentes castas de um mesmo ninho, gerando equívocos tanto de nomenclatura quanto de identificação. Diante disso, realizamos a caracterização molecular das diferentes populações de Atta laevigata e Acromyrmex balzani, com o objetivo de examinar as relações filogenéticas entre populações de diferentes áreas de ocorrência e auxiliar na definição dos grupos naturais destas espécies. Associado a isso, realizamos a caracterização morfológica das espécies, através da análise dos caracteres taxonômicos utilizados para a identificação. As análises moleculares evidenciam a existência 2 de dois grupos gênicos simpátricos de Atta laevigata, largamente distribuídos pelo Brasil, e definem Acromyrmex balzani como pertencente ao mesmo grupo gênico de Acromyrmex landolti. Além disso, os resultados indicam que não é possível utilizar os caracteres morfológicos tradicionalmente considerados para taxonomia destas formigas, devido à presença de polimorfismos e incongruências.
Leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), Atta laevigata and Acromyrmex balzani, are economic and agriculturally important for being crop, forest and cultivated plant plagues in different areas of the Americas, thus causing significant losses of vegetable material and damage to agriculture and livestock. Therefore, having better knowledge of the species will help adopt more efficient control measures. The species have a taxonomic history marked by controversies. This is owed to the fact that systematic is based on morphologic characters many of which show individual variability and polymorphisms among the different casts in the same nest, thus generating either nomenclature or identification mistakes. Faced with this, we have carried through the molecular characterization of the different Atta laevigata and Acromyrmex balzani populations, with the aim of examining the phylogenetic relations between populations occurring in different areas and helping to define the natural group of these species. Connected with this, we have carried through the morphologic characterization of the species by analyzing the taxonomic characters used for the identification. Molecular analyses evidence the existence of two sympatric genetic groups of Atta laevigata, which are 4 widely spread throughout Brazil, and define Acromyrmex balzani as part of the same genetic group of Acromyrmex landolti. Moreover, the results indicate that it is not possible to use the morphologic characters traditionally considered for taxonomy of these ants, due to the presence of polymorphism and contradictions.
Leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), Atta laevigata and Acromyrmex balzani, are economic and agriculturally important for being crop, forest and cultivated plant plagues in different areas of the Americas, thus causing significant losses of vegetable material and damage to agriculture and livestock. Therefore, having better knowledge of the species will help adopt more efficient control measures. The species have a taxonomic history marked by controversies. This is owed to the fact that systematic is based on morphologic characters many of which show individual variability and polymorphisms among the different casts in the same nest, thus generating either nomenclature or identification mistakes. Faced with this, we have carried through the molecular characterization of the different Atta laevigata and Acromyrmex balzani populations, with the aim of examining the phylogenetic relations between populations occurring in different areas and helping to define the natural group of these species. Connected with this, we have carried through the morphologic characterization of the species by analyzing the taxonomic characters used for the identification. Molecular analyses evidence the existence of two sympatric genetic groups of Atta laevigata, which are 4 widely spread throughout Brazil, and define Acromyrmex balzani as part of the same genetic group of Acromyrmex landolti. Moreover, the results indicate that it is not possible to use the morphologic characters traditionally considered for taxonomy of these ants, due to the presence of polymorphism and contradictions.
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Palavras-chave
Formiga, Formiga-cortadeira, Filogenia, Molecular markers, Phylogeny, Atta laevigata, Acromyrmex balzani, Leaf-cutting ants
Como citar
VINHA, Giovana Gonçalves. Sistemática molecular de Atta laevigata (Smith 1858) e Acromyrmex balzani (Emery 1890). 2007. v, 133 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2007.