Consórcios microbianos associados a ambientes de minas: obtenção, avaliação fisiológica e molecular
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2013-07-05
Autores
Garcia, Íris Gabriela [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na natureza, os sulfetos minerais constituem a principal fonte para extração industrial de metais, como o cobre, o chumbo, o zinco e o níquel. A calcopirita (CuFeS2) é um sulfeto de cobre importante, sendo o mineral de cobre mais abundante na natureza. Dentre os processos utilizados para a extração de metais está a biolixiviação, que consiste no processamento de minérios utilizando-se micro-organismos, e é reconhecida hoje como uma metodologia interessante sob os pontos de vista econômico e ambiental. Neste contexto, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de se obter consórcios oxidantes de ferro e de enxofre capazes de promover a solubilização da calcopirita. Para obtenção dos consórcios, quinze amostras minerais fornecidas pela Companhia Vale S.A. foram enriquecidas em meios de cultivo específicos. Foram obtidos 4 consórcios oxidantes de ferro e 4 oxidantes de enxofre, denominados Dep SOS-4, S3A, SO3, D1. A análise dessas amostras minerais por difração de raios X evidenciou a presença predominante de quartzo (SiO2) nas amostras Dep SOS-4 e S3A e nas amostras D1 e SO3 também foi observado covelita (CuS), pirrotita (FeS), calcopirita (CuFeS2) e enxofre (S0). Os consórcios oxidantes de ferro foram adaptados ao crescimento em calcopirita e submetidos a ensaios de biolixiviação em calcopirita. Agrupamentos dos consórcios também foram realizados, porém sem adaptação prévia à calcopirita. Nos ensaios de biolixiviação, os valores de Eh se elevaram continuamente nos frascos inoculados, estabilizando ao redor de 550 mV, indicando o aumento da relação Fe3+/Fe2+, o que afeta diretamente a solubilização dos metais pela ação oxidante do Fe3+. Mesmo considerando que a calcopirita é um dos sulfetos mais refratários ao ataque oxidante, bacteriano ou químico, a extração de cobre nos ensaios...
In nature, sulphide minerals are the main sources for extraction of some metals for industrial uses, such as copper, lead, zinc and nickel. One of the most important and explored copper sulphide is chalcopyrite, being the most abundant copper mineral in nature. Metals can be extracted using microorganisms, leading the bioleaching to an economic and environmentally sustainable process. In this research, it was developed different iron and sulfur oxidizer consortium to promote chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) solubilization. All consortium were obtained from previous enrichment in a specific culture of 15 ore samples provided by Companhia Vale S.A. Four iron oxidizer and four sulfur oxidizer consortium were prepared, and named Dep SOS-4, S3A, SO3 and D1. X ray diffraction of the Dep SOS-4 and S3A samples showed mainly quartz content (SiO2), whereas the SO3 and D1 samples showed covellite (CuS), pyrrothite (FeS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and sulfur (S0) presence too. The iron oxidizer consortium were adapted to grow with chalcopyrite and then used in shake flasks experiments with chalcopyrite. A mix of consortiums was performed, but without a previous adaptation to the chalcopyrite. The Eh values increased during the bioleaching of the inoculated flasks, stabilizing around 550 mV, which affects metal solubilization due to an increase in the Fe+3/Fe+2 ratio. The iron oxidizer consortium resulted in a better dissolution of the chalcopyrite when compare with the control, sulfur oxidizer consortium and pure strain At. thiooxidans - FG01. However, it was not observed any significant difference between the consortium and At. ferrooxidans - LR in the chalcopyrite dissolution. In the respirometric tests with chalcopyrite as substrate were observed lower consumption of oxygen to the iron oxidizer consortium (Dep SOS -4, S3A, SO3 and D1) in relation to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
In nature, sulphide minerals are the main sources for extraction of some metals for industrial uses, such as copper, lead, zinc and nickel. One of the most important and explored copper sulphide is chalcopyrite, being the most abundant copper mineral in nature. Metals can be extracted using microorganisms, leading the bioleaching to an economic and environmentally sustainable process. In this research, it was developed different iron and sulfur oxidizer consortium to promote chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) solubilization. All consortium were obtained from previous enrichment in a specific culture of 15 ore samples provided by Companhia Vale S.A. Four iron oxidizer and four sulfur oxidizer consortium were prepared, and named Dep SOS-4, S3A, SO3 and D1. X ray diffraction of the Dep SOS-4 and S3A samples showed mainly quartz content (SiO2), whereas the SO3 and D1 samples showed covellite (CuS), pyrrothite (FeS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and sulfur (S0) presence too. The iron oxidizer consortium were adapted to grow with chalcopyrite and then used in shake flasks experiments with chalcopyrite. A mix of consortiums was performed, but without a previous adaptation to the chalcopyrite. The Eh values increased during the bioleaching of the inoculated flasks, stabilizing around 550 mV, which affects metal solubilization due to an increase in the Fe+3/Fe+2 ratio. The iron oxidizer consortium resulted in a better dissolution of the chalcopyrite when compare with the control, sulfur oxidizer consortium and pure strain At. thiooxidans - FG01. However, it was not observed any significant difference between the consortium and At. ferrooxidans - LR in the chalcopyrite dissolution. In the respirometric tests with chalcopyrite as substrate were observed lower consumption of oxygen to the iron oxidizer consortium (Dep SOS -4, S3A, SO3 and D1) in relation to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biotecnologia, Lixiviação bacteriana, Metais, Bacterial leaching
Como citar
GARCIA, Íris Gabriela. Consórcios microbianos associados a ambientes de minas: obtenção, avaliação fisiológica e molecular. 2013. 95 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Química de Araraquara, 2013.