Processo de adaptação do macaco- aranha-de-testa-branca (Ateles marginatus) ao cativeiro
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Data
2012-12-14
Autores
Lima, Samantha Pereira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ateles marginatus é endêmico da floresta amazônica e corre risco de extinção. O cativeiro limita o comportamento dos animais, podendo perturbar organizações sociais. Assim, a avaliação do bem-estar animal (BEA) é importante para minimizar os transtornos comportamentais e as consequências geradas. O estudo teve por objetivos avaliar o BEA do grupo formado por três indivíduos, mantidos no Zoológico de Bauru. As observações ocorreram em três períodos abrangendo diferentes situações de BEA. Para tanto, utilizamos o método animal focal, direcionando 30 segundos para cada indivíduo, totalizando 60 horas de observação. O 1º período ocorreu no setor extra, com a observação de um casal, composto por um macho jovem e uma fêmea adulta. O 2º momento ocorreu quando da transferência do grupo para um recinto no setor de visitação, com observação imediata. Em 2010 foi introduzida uma fêmea jovem ao recinto, e em 2011 realizou-se o 3º período de observação, considerando os três indivíduos. Para observação, utilizou-se um etograma composto por comportamentos ativos (aproximação entre fêmea e macho, aproximação entre as fêmeas, braquiação, escalada, forrageamento, andar bípede e quadrúpede, andar e balançar na corda) e inativos (sentar em local elevado, sentar em local baixo e pendurar na tela). Os resultados revelaram alteração comportamental , quando o casal foi transferido para o setor de visitação, havendo aumento significativo nas frequências de braquiação. Na análise de dados verificou-se que houve diminuição significativa na frequência de braquiação, escalada, andar e balançar na corda. Conclui-se que os animais demonstraram-se motivados à atividade exploratória e interesse quando expostos a outro animal ou quando introduzidos em novo recinto, melhorando consideravelmente o bem-estar
Ateles marginatus is endemic to the Amazon rainforest and is at risk of extinction. The captivity limits the behavior of the animals and can disturb social organizations. Thus, the evaluation of animal welfare (AW) is important to minimize behavioral disorders and the generated consequences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the AW of a group composed by three individuals, kept at the Bauru Zoo. The observations occurred in three periods covering different situations of AW. We used the focal animal method, directing 30 seconds for each individual, totaling 60 hours of observation. The first observation period was at the extra sector, by observing a couple composed by a young male and an adult female. The second period was performed at the transfer of the group to an enclosure in the visitation sector and immediate observation. In 2010 a young female was introduced to the enclosure, and in 2011 the third observation period was performed, considering the three individuals. For observation, we used an ethogram composed of active behaviors (approach between female and male, females approach, brachiation, climbing, foraging, biped and quadruped walking, swinging and walking on the rope) and inactive (sitting in a high place, sitting in a low place and hang on grid). The results showed behavioral change when the couple was transferred to the visitation sector, with significant increase in the frequencies of brachiation. Data analysis showed a significant decrease in the frequency of brachiation, climbing, and swinging on the rope. We conclude that the animals were motivated to exploration activity and interest when exposed to animal or when introduced into new enclosure, greatly improving the welfare
Ateles marginatus is endemic to the Amazon rainforest and is at risk of extinction. The captivity limits the behavior of the animals and can disturb social organizations. Thus, the evaluation of animal welfare (AW) is important to minimize behavioral disorders and the generated consequences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the AW of a group composed by three individuals, kept at the Bauru Zoo. The observations occurred in three periods covering different situations of AW. We used the focal animal method, directing 30 seconds for each individual, totaling 60 hours of observation. The first observation period was at the extra sector, by observing a couple composed by a young male and an adult female. The second period was performed at the transfer of the group to an enclosure in the visitation sector and immediate observation. In 2010 a young female was introduced to the enclosure, and in 2011 the third observation period was performed, considering the three individuals. For observation, we used an ethogram composed of active behaviors (approach between female and male, females approach, brachiation, climbing, foraging, biped and quadruped walking, swinging and walking on the rope) and inactive (sitting in a high place, sitting in a low place and hang on grid). The results showed behavioral change when the couple was transferred to the visitation sector, with significant increase in the frequencies of brachiation. Data analysis showed a significant decrease in the frequency of brachiation, climbing, and swinging on the rope. We conclude that the animals were motivated to exploration activity and interest when exposed to animal or when introduced into new enclosure, greatly improving the welfare
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Animais - Proteção, Proteção ambiental, Animais - Adaptação, Animais de zoologico, Macaco-aranha, Environment
Como citar
LIMA, Samantha Pereira. Processo de adaptação do macaco- aranha-de-testa-branca (Ateles marginatus) ao cativeiro. 2012. 48 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba, 2012.