Sistema plantio direto: velocidade de semeadura e populações de plantas de milho
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Data
2011-02-17
Autores
Cavichioli, Fábio Alexandre [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura do milho no Brasil tem importante papel sócio-econômico, pois desempenha uma função estratégica na cadeia produtiva. Para a indústria, o milho é uma matéria-prima que possibilita obtenção de subprodutos destinados a alimentação humana e animal. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho operacional relacionando o efeito da velocidade de deslocamento de um conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora combinado com três populações de plantas (número de sementes por metro) na demanda energética do conjunto, na quantificação das características agronômicas referente a cultura do milho e análises físicas e químicas do solo. O experimento foi implantado na área da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Produção da UNESP/Jaboticabal, SP, o solo da área experimental é classificado como LATOSSOLO Vermelho eutroférrico típico, A moderado, textura argilosa. O experimento foi constituído de um esquema fatorial 2x3 conduzido sob delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com tratamentos sob duas velocidades de deslocamento do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora (6,5 km h-1 e 4,5 km h-1), definidas em função da potência do trator a ser utilizado, e três populações de plantas de milho (55.000, 65.000 e 75.000 plantas ha-1), definidas em função do híbrido utilizado, com quatro repetições, perfazendo um total de 24 parcelas. Foram analisadas as variáveis referentes a demanda energética da operação de semeadura como: força e potência na barra de tração, consumo horário e operacional de combustível e capacidade de campo operacional. Variáveis referentes a cultura: número médio de dias para emergência das plântulas de milho, população inicial e final de plantas, altura de inserção da espiga viável, altura de plantas e diâmetro do colmo, número de fileiras, número de grãos na fileira e índice de espigas, produtividade de grãos...
The maize crop in Brazil has an important socioeconomic role that it plays a strategic role in the production chain for the industry, corn is a feedstock that allows obtaining products intended for human consumption and animal feed. This study aimed to evaluate the operational performance relating the effect of forward speed of a tractor-planter combined with three plant densities (number of seeds per meter) and the energy demand of the set, the quantification regarding agronomic corn and analysis physical and chemical of soil. The experiment was established in the area of Finance Education, Research and Production, UNESP / Jaboticabal, SP, the experimental area is classified as Typic Eutrudox, moderate, clayey. The experiment consisted of a 2x3 factorial conducted under randomized block design. treatments under two travel speeds of the tractor-planter (6.5 km h-1 and 4.5 km h-1), defined according to the power of the tractor to be used, and three plant populations of maize (55.000, 65.000 and 75.000 plants ha-1), defined depending on the hybrid used, with four replications, a total of 24 plots. We analyzed the variables of energy demand in the sowing operation such as strength and power at the drawbar, fuel consumption and fuel and operating performance in field operations. Variables related to culture: the average number of days to emergence of corn seedlings, initial and final population of plants, height of ear insertion viable, plant height and stem diameter, number of rows, number of grains in the row index and cob, yield and mass of cornstalks and weeds. The speed of movement influence on power, operational field capacity and fuel consumption, increasing these variables and consumption reducing operating this variable, the population of corn plants in the affected stem diameter, with the smallest population in the highest diameter The combination of higher speed of seeding... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The maize crop in Brazil has an important socioeconomic role that it plays a strategic role in the production chain for the industry, corn is a feedstock that allows obtaining products intended for human consumption and animal feed. This study aimed to evaluate the operational performance relating the effect of forward speed of a tractor-planter combined with three plant densities (number of seeds per meter) and the energy demand of the set, the quantification regarding agronomic corn and analysis physical and chemical of soil. The experiment was established in the area of Finance Education, Research and Production, UNESP / Jaboticabal, SP, the experimental area is classified as Typic Eutrudox, moderate, clayey. The experiment consisted of a 2x3 factorial conducted under randomized block design. treatments under two travel speeds of the tractor-planter (6.5 km h-1 and 4.5 km h-1), defined according to the power of the tractor to be used, and three plant populations of maize (55.000, 65.000 and 75.000 plants ha-1), defined depending on the hybrid used, with four replications, a total of 24 plots. We analyzed the variables of energy demand in the sowing operation such as strength and power at the drawbar, fuel consumption and fuel and operating performance in field operations. Variables related to culture: the average number of days to emergence of corn seedlings, initial and final population of plants, height of ear insertion viable, plant height and stem diameter, number of rows, number of grains in the row index and cob, yield and mass of cornstalks and weeds. The speed of movement influence on power, operational field capacity and fuel consumption, increasing these variables and consumption reducing operating this variable, the population of corn plants in the affected stem diameter, with the smallest population in the highest diameter The combination of higher speed of seeding... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Máquinas agrícolas, Desempenho operacional, Semeadora-adubadora, Operational performance, agricultural mechanization, Seeders-fertilizer, Oxisol
Como citar
CAVICHIOLI, Fábio Alexandre. Sistema plantio direto: velocidade de semeadura e populações de plantas de milho. 2011. x, 49 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2011.