Educação ambiental e escola pública: concepções e práticas pedagógicas nos materiais didáticos institucionais (1988-2005)
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Data
2008-02-11
Autores
Lambertucci, Heide [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Levando-se em consideração que entre outras ações, o Estado brasileiro tem produzido materiais didáticos, resultado de políticas públicas, que são colocados à disposição dos educadores para subsidiar a sua prática no desenvolvimento de atividades e/ou projetos de Educação Ambiental nas escolas, torna-se de grande importância o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que analisem estes materiais de maneira crítica. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se analisar os materiais didáticos produzidos pelos governos Federal e do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 1988 a 2005, para as Escolas Públicas de Ensino Fundamental, Ciclo II, buscando identificar as concepções de Educação Ambiental, bem como as práticas pedagógicas presentes nestes materiais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, de natureza qualitativa, cuja metodologia utilizada é a da “análise de conteúdo”. Os resultados revelaram três concepções de Educação Ambiental presentes nos materiais analisados, a saber: concepção que relaciona a Educação Ambiental à resolução de problemas, concepção que relaciona a Educação Ambiental à conscientização para o uso racional dos recursos naturais e/ou consumo sustentável e concepção que relaciona a Educação Ambiental a conflitos socioambientais. Em relação às práticas pedagógicas presentes nos materiais, a análise revelou que, de maneira geral, tais práticas estão comprometidas com uma concepção de ensino-aprendizagem em que o aluno é o sujeito e o professor é o mediador deste processo. Embora, as práticas pedagógicas sugeridas nos materiais adotem em relação ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem uma postura que pode ser entendida como “inovadora”, é importante destacar que, contraditoriamente, a natureza dos materiais privilegia uma abordagem prescritiva.
Considering that the Brazilian State has published teaching resources which are a result of public policies and are put at the educator’s disposal to subsidize the development of Environmental Education activities and/or projects in the schools, it is very important to develop researches that analyze these materials in a critical way. This research aims at analyzing the resources published to be used in Elementary Public Schools by the Federal Government and São Paulo State Government between 1988 and 2005, trying to identify the conceptions of Environmental Education as well as the pedagogic practices which are present in these materials. It is a documental and qualitative research, based on a “content analysis” methodology. The results revealed three conceptions of Environmental Education which are present in the analyzed material: a conception that relates the Environmental Education to problem solving; a conception that relates the Environmental Education to the awareness for the rational use of natural resources and/or sustainable consumption and the conception that relates the Environmental Education to social and environmental conflicts. Concerning the pedagogic practices which are present in these teaching resources, the analysis showed that, in general, such practices are related to a teaching-learning conception in which the Student is the subject and the Teacher is the mediator. Although the pedagogic practices suggested in the materials present an “innovative” proposal, it is important to emphasize that, contradictorily, the nature of these materials privilege a prescriptive approach.
Considering that the Brazilian State has published teaching resources which are a result of public policies and are put at the educator’s disposal to subsidize the development of Environmental Education activities and/or projects in the schools, it is very important to develop researches that analyze these materials in a critical way. This research aims at analyzing the resources published to be used in Elementary Public Schools by the Federal Government and São Paulo State Government between 1988 and 2005, trying to identify the conceptions of Environmental Education as well as the pedagogic practices which are present in these materials. It is a documental and qualitative research, based on a “content analysis” methodology. The results revealed three conceptions of Environmental Education which are present in the analyzed material: a conception that relates the Environmental Education to problem solving; a conception that relates the Environmental Education to the awareness for the rational use of natural resources and/or sustainable consumption and the conception that relates the Environmental Education to social and environmental conflicts. Concerning the pedagogic practices which are present in these teaching resources, the analysis showed that, in general, such practices are related to a teaching-learning conception in which the Student is the subject and the Teacher is the mediator. Although the pedagogic practices suggested in the materials present an “innovative” proposal, it is important to emphasize that, contradictorily, the nature of these materials privilege a prescriptive approach.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação ambiental, Material didatico, Concepções, Práticas pedagógicas, Pedagogic practices, Conceptions, Environmental education, Teaching resources
Como citar
LAMBERTUCCI, Heide. Educação ambiental e escola pública: concepções e práticas pedagógicas nos materiais didáticos institucionais (1988-2005). 2008. 191 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2008.