Geotecnologias aplicadas à estimativa de perdas de solo por erosão hídrica na sub-bacia do Ribeirão das Perobas, Município de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo-SP
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Data
2012-12-19
Autores
Demarchi, Julio Cesar [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A erosão do solo constitui o principal fator de degradação das terras agrícolas. Ela é influenciada por fatores climáticos, pela suscetibilidade natural dos solos, características do relevo e intervenção antrópica através do uso, manejo do solo e das práticas conservacionistas, que podem acelerá-la ou reduzi-la. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma estimativa de perda de solo por erosão hídrica na Sub-Bacia do Ribeirão das Perobas, localizada no município de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo – SP, através da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo Revisada (RUSLE), utilizando ferramentas de Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto. Foi elaborado o mapa detalhado de solos da sub-bacia, a partir do qual se determinou a erodibilidade, a tolerância de perda de solo e se efetuou a classificação das terras no sistema de capacidade de uso. Os mapas de erosividade da chuva, fator topográfico, uso e manejo do solo e práticas conservacionistas foram elaborados em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) a partir de dados do programa netErosividade SP, do modelo digital de elevação do terreno e de imagens de satélite, respectivamente. Foram determinados o Potencial Natural de Erosão, a perda de solo (cenário atual), a Capacidade de uso-manejo permissível, o Risco de Erosão Simulado e a Expectativa de Erosão da sub-bacia.Dois cenários de perda de solos foram simulados: 1) adequação do uso, manejo e práticas conservacionistas à capacidade de uso, e 2) áreas agricultáveis ocupadas por cana-de-açúcar sem manejo e plantio em nível. A estimativa de perda de solo através da RUSLE evidenciou que a erosão resulta da interação de fatores dos meios físico e antrópico, mas sofreu maior influência do fator C (uso e manejo do solo). O mapa de capacidade de uso-manejo permissível, associado à capacidade de uso da terra...
Soil erosion is the main factor of agricultural land degradation. It is influenced by climatic factors, natural susceptibility of soils, topography characteristics and by human intervention, through land cover, management and support practices, which can increase it or reduce it. This work aims to perform an estimation of soil loss by water erosion in Ribeirão das Perobas Sub-basin, located in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo state, through Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), using GIS and Remote Sensing tools. It was elaborated the detailed soil map of the sub-basin, from which were determined the erodibility, soil loss tolerance and it was performed the land classification into the land use capacity system. Rainfall erosivity, topographic factor, cover-management and support practices maps were elaborated in GIS (Geographical Information System), using the netErosividade SP program, the digital elevation model and the satellite images, respectively. The Natural Potential of Erosion, the soil loss (current scenario), the Permissible Land Cover-Management Capacity, the Simulated Erosion Risk and the Sub-basin Erosion Expectation were determined. Two soil loss scenarios were simulated: 1) adequacy of the cover-management and the support practices to the land use capacity, and 2) farming areas occupied by sugarcane crops without management and contour tillage. The soil loss estimation through RUSLE showed that erosion results from the interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors, but it suffered more influence of the C factor (soil cover and management). The Permissible Land Cover-Management map, associated with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Soil erosion is the main factor of agricultural land degradation. It is influenced by climatic factors, natural susceptibility of soils, topography characteristics and by human intervention, through land cover, management and support practices, which can increase it or reduce it. This work aims to perform an estimation of soil loss by water erosion in Ribeirão das Perobas Sub-basin, located in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo state, through Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), using GIS and Remote Sensing tools. It was elaborated the detailed soil map of the sub-basin, from which were determined the erodibility, soil loss tolerance and it was performed the land classification into the land use capacity system. Rainfall erosivity, topographic factor, cover-management and support practices maps were elaborated in GIS (Geographical Information System), using the netErosividade SP program, the digital elevation model and the satellite images, respectively. The Natural Potential of Erosion, the soil loss (current scenario), the Permissible Land Cover-Management Capacity, the Simulated Erosion Risk and the Sub-basin Erosion Expectation were determined. Two soil loss scenarios were simulated: 1) adequacy of the cover-management and the support practices to the land use capacity, and 2) farming areas occupied by sugarcane crops without management and contour tillage. The soil loss estimation through RUSLE showed that erosion results from the interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors, but it suffered more influence of the C factor (soil cover and management). The Permissible Land Cover-Management map, associated with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Erosão, Sensoriamento remoto, Sistemas de informação geografica, Solos - Analise, Levantamentos do solo - São Paulo (Estado), Soil surveys
Como citar
DEMARCHI, Julio Cesar. Geotecnologias aplicadas à estimativa de perdas de solo por erosão hídrica na sub-bacia do Ribeirão das Perobas, Município de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo-SP. 2012. xv, 150 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2012.