Alterações nutricionais em hortaliças decorrentes de diferentes métodos de cozimento
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Data
2012-03-16
Autores
Pigoli, Daniela Regina [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As hortaliças apresentam propriedades nutricionais importantes para alimentação humana, principalmente devido à riqueza em vitaminas, minerais e fibras. No entanto, durante o processo de cocção das hortaliças ocorrem perdas de nutrientes, diminuindo a qualidade do alimento a ser consumido. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o método e o tempo de cozimento mais adequado para o preparo de partes convencionais e não convencionais de quatro hortaliças, visando minimizar as perdas nutricionais. As hortaliças utilizadas foram: abóbora (polpa e casca), cenoura (polpa e casca), brócolis (flor, folha e talo) e couve flor (flor, talo e folha). Essas hortaliças foram submetidas a pré testes de cozimentos, iniciando-se com 0,5 min, 1 min, 1,5 min e sucessivamente. No pré teste foi observado a textura do alimento, para que todas as espécies obtivessem a mesma textura independente do tipo de cozimento. O grau de maciez foi avaliado subjetivamente por pressão das hortaliças entre os dedos, alcançando uma consistência adequada ao consumo. As hortaliças foram submetidas a quatro tipos de tratamentos térmicos (pressão, imersão, micro-ondas e vapor), após foram trituradas com um mix doméstico e armazenadas à -18 ºC. Foram realizadas análises físico químicas (proteínas, lipídios, fibras, açúcares redutores e totais e ácido ascórbico) e minerais (ferro, zinco, magnésio, potássio, fósforo e cálcio). Nas condições em que o experimento foi realizado, os resultados permitiram concluir que o método de cozimento à vapor e em micro-ondas obtiveram menores perdas nutricionais, pelo fato das hortaliças não entrarem em contato direto com à água no momento do cozimento, as partes não convencionais das hortaliças estudadas possuem quantidades equivalentes ou superiores de nutrientes e minerais, quando comparadas as partes convencionais das hortaliças estudadas
The vegetables provide important nutritional properties for human consumption, mainly due to the wealth of vitamins, minerals and fiber. However, during the cooking process of vegetable nutrient losses occur, reducing the quality of the food to be consumed. The aim of this study was to verify the method and cooking time most suitable for the preparation of conventional and unconventional shares of four vegetables; to minimize nutrient losses. The vegetables used were: pumpkin pulp and peel; carrot pulp and peel; broccoli flower, leaf and stem; and cauliflower flower, stem and leaf. These vegetables were subjected to pre cooking tests was iniciating with 0.5 min, 1 min, 1,5 min and successively. Pretest was observed in the texture of the food, so that all species to obtain the same texture independent of the type of cooking. The degree of softening was evaluated subjectively by pressure of greenery between the toes, reaching a consistance adequated by consume. The vegetables were subjected to four types of heat treatment (pressure, immersion, microwave and steam), after been pounded with a mix household and stored at -18 ºC. Physic chemistries analyzes were performed (proteins, lipids, and total reducing sugars and ascorbic acid) and minerals (iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and calcium). In the conditions of this experiment, the results showed that the method of steaming and microwave had lower nutritional losses, because the vegetables do not come into direct contact with the water when cooking, unconventional parts of vegetables studied have equivalent or higher amounts of nutrients and minerals, when compared to the conventional share of the vegetables studie
The vegetables provide important nutritional properties for human consumption, mainly due to the wealth of vitamins, minerals and fiber. However, during the cooking process of vegetable nutrient losses occur, reducing the quality of the food to be consumed. The aim of this study was to verify the method and cooking time most suitable for the preparation of conventional and unconventional shares of four vegetables; to minimize nutrient losses. The vegetables used were: pumpkin pulp and peel; carrot pulp and peel; broccoli flower, leaf and stem; and cauliflower flower, stem and leaf. These vegetables were subjected to pre cooking tests was iniciating with 0.5 min, 1 min, 1,5 min and successively. Pretest was observed in the texture of the food, so that all species to obtain the same texture independent of the type of cooking. The degree of softening was evaluated subjectively by pressure of greenery between the toes, reaching a consistance adequated by consume. The vegetables were subjected to four types of heat treatment (pressure, immersion, microwave and steam), after been pounded with a mix household and stored at -18 ºC. Physic chemistries analyzes were performed (proteins, lipids, and total reducing sugars and ascorbic acid) and minerals (iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and calcium). In the conditions of this experiment, the results showed that the method of steaming and microwave had lower nutritional losses, because the vegetables do not come into direct contact with the water when cooking, unconventional parts of vegetables studied have equivalent or higher amounts of nutrients and minerals, when compared to the conventional share of the vegetables studie
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas - Nutrição, Hortaliças, Vegetables
Como citar
PIGOLI, Daniela Regina. Alterações nutricionais em hortaliças decorrentes de diferentes métodos de cozimento. 2012. 64 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2012.