Reconstrução e geração de malhas em estruturas biomecânicas tridimensionais para análise por elemento finitos
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Data
2008-06-27
Autores
Jóia Filho, Paulo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Uma das primeiras fases da análise estrutural por elementos finitos é a criação do modelo geométrico. Este modelo deve representar fielmente a estrutura no que diz respeito a ângulos, dimensões e forma. Quando os objetos de estudo são estruturas biomecânicas, a dificuldade na realização das análises aumenta, primeiro porque os modelos considerados apresentam geometria quase sempre irregular, segundo pela dificuldade na realização de experimentos desta natureza, já que envolvem, em geral, organismos e tecidos vivos. Inserida, portanto, no contexto de Modelagem Científica Computacional, esta pesquisa procurou aplicar a computação a outras áreas do conhecimento, com o objetivo de criar modelos computacionais para situações em que é inviável testar ou medir as diversas soluções possíveis para um fenômeno a partir de modelos experimentais, neste caso, regiões ósseas. Para atingir este objetivo um programa computacional foi desenvolvido: o bioMeshCreate. O bioMeshCreate é uma aplicação final, independente, multi-plataforma, orientado a objeto, implementado em C++ com o auxílio de um toolkit de visualização científica, o VTK (The Visualization Toolkit), e seu objetivo principal é reconstruir estruturas ósseas tridimensionais a partir de seções planas, normalmente imagens médicas digitais obtidas por exames de tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. A aplicação também permite visualizar as fatias planas, gerar a malha sobre a superfície reconstruída, aplicar filtros de redução de elementos e suavização de superfícies e integrar o volume obtido com softwares de análise por elementos finitos, a fim de completar a análise sobre a estrutura. Ainda é possível exportar dados em formatos compatíveis com processos de prototipagem rápida e gerar modelos de realidade virtual, os quais podem ser distribuídos e visualizados em um browser...
One of the first phases of the structural analysis by finite elements is to create a geometric model. This model must faithfully represent the structure in what is related to angles, dimensions and form. When the study objects are biomechanical structures, the level of difficulty in the accomplishment of the analyses increases, first because the considered models present geometry almost always irregular, second for the difficulty for the accomplishment of experiments of this nature, as they involve, in general, organisms and live tissues. Inserted, therefore, in the context of Scientific Computational Modeling, this research tried to apply the computation to other areas of knowledge, with the objective of creating computational models for situations in which testing or measuring the several possible solutions for a phenomenon starting from experimental models isn’t viable, in this case, bone areas. To reach this purpose, a computational program was developed: the bioMeshCreate. The bioMeshCreate is a final application, independent, multi-platform, object-oriented, developed in C++ with the support of a toolkit for scientific visualization, the VTK (The Visualization Toolkit), and its main objective is to rebuild three-dimensional bone structures starting from plane sections, usually digital medical images obtained by exams of computed tomography or magnetic resonance. The application allows the visualization plane slices, to generate the mesh on the rebuilt surface, to apply filters of elements reduction and mesh smoothing and to integrate the volume obtained with finite elements analysis softwares, in order to complete the analysis on the structure. It is still possible to export data in compatible formats with rapid prototyping processes, and to generate virtual reality models, which can be distributed and visualized in a browser. Tests with patients' real data were accomplished... (Complete abstract click elctronic access below)
One of the first phases of the structural analysis by finite elements is to create a geometric model. This model must faithfully represent the structure in what is related to angles, dimensions and form. When the study objects are biomechanical structures, the level of difficulty in the accomplishment of the analyses increases, first because the considered models present geometry almost always irregular, second for the difficulty for the accomplishment of experiments of this nature, as they involve, in general, organisms and live tissues. Inserted, therefore, in the context of Scientific Computational Modeling, this research tried to apply the computation to other areas of knowledge, with the objective of creating computational models for situations in which testing or measuring the several possible solutions for a phenomenon starting from experimental models isn’t viable, in this case, bone areas. To reach this purpose, a computational program was developed: the bioMeshCreate. The bioMeshCreate is a final application, independent, multi-platform, object-oriented, developed in C++ with the support of a toolkit for scientific visualization, the VTK (The Visualization Toolkit), and its main objective is to rebuild three-dimensional bone structures starting from plane sections, usually digital medical images obtained by exams of computed tomography or magnetic resonance. The application allows the visualization plane slices, to generate the mesh on the rebuilt surface, to apply filters of elements reduction and mesh smoothing and to integrate the volume obtained with finite elements analysis softwares, in order to complete the analysis on the structure. It is still possible to export data in compatible formats with rapid prototyping processes, and to generate virtual reality models, which can be distributed and visualized in a browser. Tests with patients' real data were accomplished... (Complete abstract click elctronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biomecânica, Métodos dos elementos finitos, Reconstrução tridimensional, Geração de malha, Biomechanics, Finite element method, Image (medicine), Three-dimensional reconstruction, Mesh generation
Como citar
JÓIA FILHO, Paulo. Reconstrução e geração de malhas em estruturas biomecânicas tridimensionais para análise por elemento finitos. 2008. xvi, 118 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Engenharia de Bauru, 2008.