Estratégias de generalização de padrões matemáticos
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Data
2013-01-28
Autores
Trevisani, Fernando de Mello [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pesquisas têm utilizado e discutido com frequência o ensino da álgebra por meio do trabalho com padrões. Além disso, programas governamentais buscam inserir computadores nas escolas públicas, objetivando melhorar a qualidade do ensino. Nesse contexto, apresento esta pesquisa norteada pela questão “quais são as estratégias utilizadas por alunos do 7° ano do Ensino Fundamental para generalizar padrões com o software MiGen?”. Buscando compreender as estratégias que estudantes desse ano escolar utilizam para generalizar padrões com o uso de um software denominado MiGen, que trabalha com padrões que se movimentam na tela do computador, uma investigação de caráter qualitativo foi realizada em uma escola pública da cidade de Rio Claro, interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Seis atividades foram elaboradas e aplicadas a oito alunos, que responderam, em duplas, às questões dadas e interagiram com o computador ao mesmo tempo. A análise dos dados se deu com base em cinco estratégias de generalização, a saber: tentativa e erro, contagem, termo unidade, diferença e explícita. A partir dos resultados e do referencial teórico adotado, concluímos que as estratégias usadas pelos alunos foram a explícita, a termo unidade e a contagem, e que o MiGen influenciou na escolha delas para se determinar uma expressão geral de um padrão, principalmente porque este é apresentado de forma dinâmica na tela do computador. Assim, as estratégias utilizadas pelos alunos para generalizar os padrões visaram a busca pela expressão geral do padrão ao invés do trabalho com casos particulares, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do processo de generalização algébrica dos alunos participantes da pesquisa
Research has frequently used and discussed the teaching of algebra by working with patterns. Moreover, educational policies seek to put computers in public schools, aiming to improve the quality of teaching. In this context, I present this research guided by the question what are the strategies used by grade-7 students to generalize patterns with software MiGen?. A qualitative study conducted with elementary school students in a public school in Rio Claro, at state of São Paulo, Brazil. Trying to understand the strategies that these students used to generalize patterns using software called MiGen, which works with patterns that move on the computer screen. Six activities were developed based on activities available in the software tutorial. Eight students participated in the study, conducting the activities in pairs, completing the tasks on sheets and interacting with the computer at the same time. The analysis of data was based on five strategies of generalization, namely guess-and-check, counting, whole-object, difference and explicit. From the results and the theoretical approach, I conclude that the strategies used by the students were explicit, whole-object and counting, and that MiGen influenced the choices of these strategies to determine a general expression of a pattern, mainly because this is displayed dynamically on the computer screen. Thus, the strategies used by students to generalize patterns aimed the search for the general expressions of the patterns instead of working with individual or singular cases. It contributed to the development of the process of algebraic generalization of the students
Research has frequently used and discussed the teaching of algebra by working with patterns. Moreover, educational policies seek to put computers in public schools, aiming to improve the quality of teaching. In this context, I present this research guided by the question what are the strategies used by grade-7 students to generalize patterns with software MiGen?. A qualitative study conducted with elementary school students in a public school in Rio Claro, at state of São Paulo, Brazil. Trying to understand the strategies that these students used to generalize patterns using software called MiGen, which works with patterns that move on the computer screen. Six activities were developed based on activities available in the software tutorial. Eight students participated in the study, conducting the activities in pairs, completing the tasks on sheets and interacting with the computer at the same time. The analysis of data was based on five strategies of generalization, namely guess-and-check, counting, whole-object, difference and explicit. From the results and the theoretical approach, I conclude that the strategies used by the students were explicit, whole-object and counting, and that MiGen influenced the choices of these strategies to determine a general expression of a pattern, mainly because this is displayed dynamically on the computer screen. Thus, the strategies used by students to generalize patterns aimed the search for the general expressions of the patterns instead of working with individual or singular cases. It contributed to the development of the process of algebraic generalization of the students
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Álgebra, Matemática - Estudo e ensino, Tecnologia, Ensino fundamental
Como citar
TREVISANI, Fernando de Mello. Estratégias de generalização de padrões matemáticos. 2012. 112 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2012.