Estudo das propriedades de eletrocatalisadores de Pt-Ru nanoparticulados preparados via microemulsão para oxidação de metanol
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Data
2007-01-18
Autores
Godoi, Denis Ricardo Martins de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nanopartículas de Pt-Ru, com composição atômica nominal 50:50, foram preparadas utilizando-se microelmulsões de AOT (dietilhexilsulfosuccinato de sódio)/n-heptano/água e suportadas sobre carbono de alta área superficial (20% Pt-Ru/C em massa). Os precursores metálicos, dissolvidos na fase aquosa, foram reduzidos pela adição de NaBH4 sólido e, posteriormente, o carbono foi adicionado à mistura para a ancoragem das partículas. O material foi filtrado, lavado e seco a 75 °C. Os catalisadores suportados obtidos foram caracterizados por difração de raios X, espectroscopia de raios X por energia dispersiva, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, termogravimetria e calorimetria exploratória diferencial. Os resultados das análises comprovaram os valores nominais de composição e mostraram que as nanopartículas estão uniformemente dispersas sobre o carbono e que o tamanho médio de cristalito variou de ~2,6 a 3,4 nm, dependendo da razão molar w = [água]/[surfactante]. Verificou-se ainda que o parâmetro de rede dos catalisadores preparados é menor, comparado ao da Pt suportada sobre carbono, indicando a formação de liga e que fração de Ru na liga aumentou com o tamanho de partícula. O tratamento térmico, em todos os casos, promoveu um aumento do tamanho de partícula e do grau de liga. Experimentos de oxidação de CO mostraram que os catalisadores preparados com diferentes valores de w apresentam diferenças significativas na estrutura e composição da superfície. A oxidação de metanol foi estudada por voltametria cíclica e cronoamperometria. O melhor desempenho eletrocatalítico foi observado para catalisadores preparados por microemulsão com w = 8.
Pt-Ru nanoparticles, with nominal atomic composition 50:50, were prepared in AOT/nheptane/water microemulsions and supported on high surface area carbon (20% Pt-Ru/C weight). The metallic precursors, dissolved in the aqueous phase, were reduced by NaBH4 added as a solid. The carbon was directly incorporated into the mixture for the anchorage of the particles. The material was then filtered, washed, and dried at 75 °C. The supported catalysts obtained have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (DRX), energy dispersive Xray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of these analyses confirmed the nominal chemical composition and showed an uniform dispersion of the particles on the carbon support. The average crystallite size was found to vary from ~2.6 to 3.4 nm, depending on the water to surfactant molar ratio w = [water]/[surfactant]. The lattice parameter of the prepared catalysts was found to be smaller than that for carbon supported Pt, indicating formation of a solid solution phase. The fraction of the alloyed Ru increased with particle size. In all cases, the heat treatment promoted an increase in the particle size and in the amount of alloying. CO stripping measurements showed that the surface properties of the prepared Pt-Ru/C catalysts are significantly different, depending on w values used in the synthesis. The methanol oxidation reaction was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The best performance was observed for catalysts prepared by microemulsions with w = 8.
Pt-Ru nanoparticles, with nominal atomic composition 50:50, were prepared in AOT/nheptane/water microemulsions and supported on high surface area carbon (20% Pt-Ru/C weight). The metallic precursors, dissolved in the aqueous phase, were reduced by NaBH4 added as a solid. The carbon was directly incorporated into the mixture for the anchorage of the particles. The material was then filtered, washed, and dried at 75 °C. The supported catalysts obtained have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (DRX), energy dispersive Xray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of these analyses confirmed the nominal chemical composition and showed an uniform dispersion of the particles on the carbon support. The average crystallite size was found to vary from ~2.6 to 3.4 nm, depending on the water to surfactant molar ratio w = [water]/[surfactant]. The lattice parameter of the prepared catalysts was found to be smaller than that for carbon supported Pt, indicating formation of a solid solution phase. The fraction of the alloyed Ru increased with particle size. In all cases, the heat treatment promoted an increase in the particle size and in the amount of alloying. CO stripping measurements showed that the surface properties of the prepared Pt-Ru/C catalysts are significantly different, depending on w values used in the synthesis. The methanol oxidation reaction was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The best performance was observed for catalysts prepared by microemulsions with w = 8.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Nanopartículas, Microemulsão, Metanol - Oxidação, Eletrocatálise, Methanol oxidation
Como citar
GODOI, Denis Ricardo Martins de. Estudo das propriedades de eletrocatalisadores de Pt-Ru nanoparticulados preparados via microemulsão para oxidação de metanol. 2007. 66 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2007.