Análise genética do tubarão-raposa Alopias superciliosus no Oceano Atlântico, utilizando região controle do DNA mitocondrial
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Data
2012-07-31
Autores
Morales, Millke Jasmine Arminini [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As populações de tubarões têm sofrido um acentuado declínio nas últimas décadas principalmente devido à pressão da pesca para provisão de alimento e à valorização das nadadeiras no mercado asiático. Como as espécies deste grupo se caracterizam por sua suscetibilidade aos efeitos da sobre-pesca, questões relacionadas ao status populacional são essenciais para o manejo correto dos estoques pesqueiros. Para a identificação destes estoques, ferramentas genéticas que acessam a variabilidade das espécies são eficientes e têm sido amplamente utilizadas. Considerando os fortes indícios de esgotamento populacional do tubarão-raposa Alopias superciliosus e a falta de informações que permitem viabilizar planos de conservação, o presente estudo buscou abordar questões relacionadas à dinâmica populacional da espécie no Oceano Atlântico utilizando a região controle do DNA mitocondrial como marcador molecular. Assim, 114 indivíduos de A. superciliosus foram analisados utilizando sequências nucleotídicas da região controle (D-loop) do DNA mitocondrial. Os 913 pares de bases analisáveis desta região do genoma permitiram a caracterização de apenas oito haplótipos em todas as amostras analisadas, sendo um único destes haplótipos compartilhado por 91,5% dos indivíduos. Os resultados indicam a ocorrência de uma baixa variabilidade genética (π = 0,00140 e h=0,152 ± 0,0046), a ausência de estruturação populacional (valores de FST e ΦST não significativos) e a caracterização de um único estoque pesqueiro na região abrangida pela amostragem no Oceano Atlântico. As análises também revelaram a existência de duas linhagens de DNAmt distintas, separadas por um mínimo de 9 mutações e com aproximadamente 1,2% de diferença genética, sendo uma delas composta por apenas 6 indivíduos, originando...
Populations of several shark species have decreased in the last decades, especially because of the fishing pressure and Asian demand for their fins. Since this group is susceptible to overfishing due to its biological traits, studies regarding its populations distribution are necessary for the appropriate management of their fish stocks. Genetic tools addressing species variability are efficient and widely used to the identification of fisheries stocks. Considering the lack of information about A. superciliosus populations, the remarkable decline in the abundance of this species around the world, and the lack of information management and conservation strategies, the aim of this study was solve issues about the populational dynamic of the species in the Atlantic Ocean. Using mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) sequences with 913 bp from 114 individuals of Alopias superciliosus, only eight haplotypes were found, which just one was shared by 91.5% of the analyzed sharks. The results suggest a low genetic variability (π = 0.00140 and h=0.152 ± 0.0046), no populational structure (FST values and ΦST no significant), and the characterization of a single A. superciliosus stock in the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, it was found two distinct mtDNA lineages, separated by a minimum of nine mutational steps and about 1.2% genetic difference, one of which consists of only six individuals, resulting in five distinct haplotypes. Thus, this lineage showing rare haplotypes could be related to recent migration events from the Indian Ocean, which would have occurred right after the last glaciations, in warming periods at the region of the Benguela Upwelling. At the other hand, migration processes also can be happening nowadays, with intermittent transference of warm waters from the Indian Ocean to the South Atlantic region. Such events could be... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Populations of several shark species have decreased in the last decades, especially because of the fishing pressure and Asian demand for their fins. Since this group is susceptible to overfishing due to its biological traits, studies regarding its populations distribution are necessary for the appropriate management of their fish stocks. Genetic tools addressing species variability are efficient and widely used to the identification of fisheries stocks. Considering the lack of information about A. superciliosus populations, the remarkable decline in the abundance of this species around the world, and the lack of information management and conservation strategies, the aim of this study was solve issues about the populational dynamic of the species in the Atlantic Ocean. Using mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) sequences with 913 bp from 114 individuals of Alopias superciliosus, only eight haplotypes were found, which just one was shared by 91.5% of the analyzed sharks. The results suggest a low genetic variability (π = 0.00140 and h=0.152 ± 0.0046), no populational structure (FST values and ΦST no significant), and the characterization of a single A. superciliosus stock in the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, it was found two distinct mtDNA lineages, separated by a minimum of nine mutational steps and about 1.2% genetic difference, one of which consists of only six individuals, resulting in five distinct haplotypes. Thus, this lineage showing rare haplotypes could be related to recent migration events from the Indian Ocean, which would have occurred right after the last glaciations, in warming periods at the region of the Benguela Upwelling. At the other hand, migration processes also can be happening nowadays, with intermittent transference of warm waters from the Indian Ocean to the South Atlantic region. Such events could be... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tubarão - Genética, Atlantico, Oceano, Mitocondria, DNA, Sharks
Como citar
MORALES, Millke Jasmine Arminini. Análise genética do tubarão-raposa Alopias superciliosus no Oceano Atlântico, utilizando região controle do DNA mitocondrial. 2012. 51 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2012.