Estrutura cromossômica e caracterização cariotípica no complexo de espécies Synbranchus marmoratus (Teleostei, Synbranchiformes, Synbranchidae)
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2013-02-20
Autores
Utsunomia, Ricardo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Complexos de espécies crípticas são grupos de espécies estreitamente relacionadas, dificilmente distinguíveis por características morfológicas. Estes complexos são conhecidos em uma significativa variedade de organismos, principalmente plantas, insetos, fungos e peixes. Em peixes, complexos de espécies já foram identificados para representantes de diferentes ordens, como Characiformes, Gymnotiformes e Synbranchiformes. No presente estudo, foram analisadas amostras de S. marmoratus coletadas em oito localidades brasileiras distintas com o uso de técnicas citogenéticas clássicas (coloração convencional com Giemsa, localização das regiões organizadoras de nucléolo pela marcação com nitrato de Prata – AgNO3 e bandamento C) e moleculares (hibridação in situ fluorescente com sondas de DNAr 5S e 18S, DNAhis H3, elemento transponível Rex3 e sondas teloméricas). Além disso, análises moleculares foram realizadas utilizando dados de sequências de três genes mitocondriais (Citocromo B - CytB, Citocromo oxidase 1 - COI e DNAr 16S) de indivíduos com cariótipo conhecido. Considerando as amostras analisadas, números diploides distintos foram encontrados (42, 44 e 46 cromossomos) que, combinados com as fórmulas cariotípicas, resultam na distinção de cinco cariomorfos em S. marmoratus. A análise filogenética realizada confirma o status de complexo de espécies e revela que eventos múltiplos, possivelmente bidirecionais, seriam responsáveis pelo surgimento da variabilidade cariotípica neste grupo. O mapeamento físico do DNAr 5S revela que estes sítios se mantiveram conservados durante a história evolutiva de Synbranchus, enquanto que, de forma oposta, os sítios para DNAr 18S estão distribuídos de maneira polimórfica, com variações intrapopulacionais significativas, indicando que mecanismos evolutivos distintos estão agindo sobre a dispersão destas sequências. O mapeamento de...
Cryptic species complex are groups of species straightly related but hardly distinguished by morphological traits. These complexes are known to occur in a great variety of organisms, mainly plants, insects, yeasts and also fishes. Considering the fish group, species complex had already been identified in representatives from different orders, such as Characiformes, Gymnotiformes e Synbranchiformes. In the present study, samples of S. marmoratus collected at eight different Brazilian sites were analyzed, using classical cytogenetic techniques (conventional staining with Giemsa, localization of nucleolar organizer regions with Silver nitrate staining - AgNO3 and C-banding) and molecular (Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S and 18S rDNA, H3 DNAhis, transposable element Rex3 and telomeric probes). Besides that, molecular analyses were carried out using sequence data from three mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome B – CytB, Cytochrome oxidase 1 – COI and 16S) obtained for each individual with known karyotype. Considering the analyzed samples, distinct diploid numbers were found (42, 44 and 46 chromosomes) and, associated with karyotype formulae, resulted in the distinction of five karyomorphs in S. marmoratus. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the status of a species complex and revealed that multiple and, possibly bidirectional events were responsible the karyotypic variability found in this group. The physical mapping of 5S rDNA reveals that these sites kept conserved during the evolutionary history of Synbranchus, contrary to 18S rDNA sites which are distributed in a polymorphic way, with sigficant intrapopulational variability, indicating that distinct evolutionary mechanisms may be acting upon the dispersion of these sequences. The mapping of H3 hisDNA revealed a dispersed pattern of distribution of these sites on the genome of all karyomorphs, frequently found as little clusters accumulated ...
Cryptic species complex are groups of species straightly related but hardly distinguished by morphological traits. These complexes are known to occur in a great variety of organisms, mainly plants, insects, yeasts and also fishes. Considering the fish group, species complex had already been identified in representatives from different orders, such as Characiformes, Gymnotiformes e Synbranchiformes. In the present study, samples of S. marmoratus collected at eight different Brazilian sites were analyzed, using classical cytogenetic techniques (conventional staining with Giemsa, localization of nucleolar organizer regions with Silver nitrate staining - AgNO3 and C-banding) and molecular (Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S and 18S rDNA, H3 DNAhis, transposable element Rex3 and telomeric probes). Besides that, molecular analyses were carried out using sequence data from three mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome B – CytB, Cytochrome oxidase 1 – COI and 16S) obtained for each individual with known karyotype. Considering the analyzed samples, distinct diploid numbers were found (42, 44 and 46 chromosomes) and, associated with karyotype formulae, resulted in the distinction of five karyomorphs in S. marmoratus. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the status of a species complex and revealed that multiple and, possibly bidirectional events were responsible the karyotypic variability found in this group. The physical mapping of 5S rDNA reveals that these sites kept conserved during the evolutionary history of Synbranchus, contrary to 18S rDNA sites which are distributed in a polymorphic way, with sigficant intrapopulational variability, indicating that distinct evolutionary mechanisms may be acting upon the dispersion of these sequences. The mapping of H3 hisDNA revealed a dispersed pattern of distribution of these sites on the genome of all karyomorphs, frequently found as little clusters accumulated ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Peixe - Genetica, Citogenetica, Mapeamento cromossômico, Seqüência de nucleotídeos, DNA, Gene mapping
Como citar
UTSUNOMIA, Ricardo. Estrutura cromossômica e caracterização cariotípica no complexo de espécies Synbranchus marmoratus (Teleostei, Synbranchiformes, Synbranchidae). 2013. 66 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2013.