Filogeografia do tubarão mako Isurus oxyrinchus utilizando marcadores moleculares do DNA mitocondrial
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Data
2013-09-27
Autores
Alves, Ronald Ribeiro [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Até poucas décadas atrás, a pesca de tubarões era incidental e sem efeitos significativos para as suas populações. No entanto, devido ao grande aumento no valor de suas nadadeiras na Ásia e ao declínio das populações de peixes mais tradicionais para o consumo humano, os tubarões passaram a ser alvo de pescarias em quase todo o mundo, promovendo a inclusão de diversas espécies na lista de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Entre os tubarões mais explorados, as espécies pelágicas apresentam uma maior complexidade na avaliação e monitoramento de suas populações devido à sua distribuição em vastas áreas geográficas. Destas, o tubarão mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, com ocorrência circunglobal, está entre as principais espécies que apresentam sinais de vulnerabilidade, com tendência ao esgotamento populacional e, no entanto, avaliações que viabilizem o manejo adequado da pesca ainda são inconsistentes. Estudos relacionados à estruturação genética populacional de peixes têm contribuído substancialmente para a elucidação de questões como a variabilidade genética, distribuição geográfica, padrões de migração, estoques reprodutivos, taxonomia, sistemática e eventos históricos. Tais aspectos são especialmente relevantes para o setor pesqueiro, fornecendo subsídios para o manejo e conservação dos estoques. Considerando a urgente necessidade de controle sustentável da pesca, dificultada principalmente pela falta de informações, este estudo buscou caracterizar a estrutura genética populacional da espécie I. oxyrinchus no Oceano Atlântico, utilizando sequências da região controladora do DNA mitocondrial (D-loop). Foram analisados 144 indivíduos e a análise de 729 pares de bases nucleotídicas desta região genômica permitiu a caracterização de 27 haplótipos, sendo que 18 destes haplótipos (67%) estão compartilhados por todas as regiões amostradas. Os resultados indicam a...
Until a few decades ago, shark fishing was only incidental and had no significant effects on their populations. However, due to the large increase in the value of shark’s fins in Asia and the decline of more traditional fish populations for human consumption, sharks became target fishing around the world, promoting the inclusion of several species in the list of endangered species. Among the most exploited sharks, the pelagic species exhibit greater complexity in the assessment and monitoring of their populations due to their distribution in broad geographical areas. From these species, the mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, of global occurrence, is among the main species that show vulnerability signs, with a trend to deplete population, and however, evaluations that facilitate appropriate management of fisheries are still inconsistent. Studies related to genetic structure of fish populations have contributed substantially to the elucidation of issues such as genetic variability, geographical distribution, migration patterns, reproductive stocks, taxonomy, systematics, and historical events. These aspects are especially relevant to fisheries sector, providing subsidies for the management and conservation of fish stocks. Considering the urgent need for a sustainable control of fisheries, hampered mainly by the lack of information, this study aimed to characterize the population genetic structure of the shark I. oxyrinchus in the Atlantic Ocean, using sequences of mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop). We analyzed 144 individuals and analysis of 729 nucleotide base pairs of this genomic region allowed the characterization of 27 haplotypes, with 18 of these haplotypes (67%) being shared by all regions sampled. The results indicate the occurrence of a moderate genetic variability (π = 0.004 and h = 0.791 ± 0.029), with high population structure between the northern and southern hemispheres (FST values: ...
Until a few decades ago, shark fishing was only incidental and had no significant effects on their populations. However, due to the large increase in the value of shark’s fins in Asia and the decline of more traditional fish populations for human consumption, sharks became target fishing around the world, promoting the inclusion of several species in the list of endangered species. Among the most exploited sharks, the pelagic species exhibit greater complexity in the assessment and monitoring of their populations due to their distribution in broad geographical areas. From these species, the mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, of global occurrence, is among the main species that show vulnerability signs, with a trend to deplete population, and however, evaluations that facilitate appropriate management of fisheries are still inconsistent. Studies related to genetic structure of fish populations have contributed substantially to the elucidation of issues such as genetic variability, geographical distribution, migration patterns, reproductive stocks, taxonomy, systematics, and historical events. These aspects are especially relevant to fisheries sector, providing subsidies for the management and conservation of fish stocks. Considering the urgent need for a sustainable control of fisheries, hampered mainly by the lack of information, this study aimed to characterize the population genetic structure of the shark I. oxyrinchus in the Atlantic Ocean, using sequences of mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop). We analyzed 144 individuals and analysis of 729 nucleotide base pairs of this genomic region allowed the characterization of 27 haplotypes, with 18 of these haplotypes (67%) being shared by all regions sampled. The results indicate the occurrence of a moderate genetic variability (π = 0.004 and h = 0.791 ± 0.029), with high population structure between the northern and southern hemispheres (FST values: ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tubarão - Pesca, Filogeografia, Genetica molecular, Genetica de populações, Shark fishing
Como citar
ALVES, Ronald Ribeiro. Filogeografia do tubarão mako Isurus oxyrinchus utilizando marcadores moleculares do DNA mitocondrial. 2013. 47 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2013.