Parâmetros genéticos de características associadas à integridade óssea em frangos de corte
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Data
2013-07-29
Autores
Souza, Camila Gabrielle de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A intensa seleção realizada nos frangos de corte com base, principalmente, no peso corporal ao abate resultou em respostas correlacionadas indesejáveis, tais como, problemas de pernas, mortalidade e doenças metabólicas das aves. Estes problemas causam perdas econômicas para a indústria avícola, pois o desempenho e bem-estar das aves fica comprometido, ocasionando significativo índice de descarte de carcaças nos abatedouros. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética do peso corporal e integridade óssea de uma população de frangos de corte, com o intuito de fornecer subsídios ao programa de melhoramento genético da população. Parâmetros genéticos foram estimados para características morfométricas, mecânicas e a composição química dos ossos longos da tíbia de 1448 aves da população referência TT de frangos de corte, pertencente ao programa de Melhoramento Genético de Aves da Embrapa Suínos e Aves, cuja seleção é baseada, principalmente, no peso corporal aos 42 dias de idade (PV42). As análises foram efetuadas pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita, em modelo animal multi-característica, considerando os efeitos aleatórios de animal e residual e os efeitos fixos de grupo sexo-incubação (10 níveis). Foram avaliados PV42, comprimento (COMP) e espessura da tíbia (ESP) em milímetros (mm); resistência à quebra da tíbia (RQ) em quilogramaforça/ milímetro (kgf/mm); características químicas do osso da tíbia, tais como matéria seca da tíbia (MS) e cinzas da tíbia (CZ) em porcentagem (%) e magnésio (Mg) da tíbia em partes por milhão (ppm). As estimativas de herdabilidade do presente estudo variaram entre 0,18 ± 0,07 (MS) a 0,46 ± 0,07 (PV42), indicando que as características apresentam variabilidade genética aditiva suficiente para serem submetidas a seleção. As estimativas de correlação genética variaram de...
The intense selection carried out in broilers based mainly on body weight at slaughter resulted in undesirable correlated responses such as leg problems, mortality and metabolic diseases of poultry. These problems cause economic losses to the poultry industry, because the performance and welfare of the birds is compromised, causing significant rate of disposal of carcasses in slaughterhouses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of body weight and tibia bone integrity-related traits in a paternal broiler line. Data from 1448 broilers was used to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight at 42 days of age (PV42), tibia length and width (COMP and ESP), breaking resistance (RQ), percentage of dry matter (MS), ash (CZ) and magnesium (Mg), in parts per million. Variance components were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood under multi-trait animal model. The general model included the fixed effect of sex-hatching group, and the random additive genetic and residual effects. Heritability estimates ranged from 0,18 ± 0,07 (MS) to 0.46 ± 0.07 (PV42). Genetic correlations ranged from -0.66 ± 0.20 (Mg and RQ) to 0,55 ± 0,15 (CZ and RQ). Environmental correlations ranged from -0.25 ± 0.08 (CZ and COMP) to 0.53 ± 0.05 (PV42 and COMP). The magnitude of heritability estimates observed for body weight and the evaluated tibia bone integrity-related traits, indicate that these traits can respond to selection in this population. The selection for PV42 favors moderately the tibia length, breaking resistance, and the MS and CZ content. However, the improvement in bone integrity would not be entirely proportional to increasing in body weight, what would explain partially the locomotion problems and economic losses verified during the slaughter process, since the development of bone tissue does not follows straight to body growth rate of broilers
The intense selection carried out in broilers based mainly on body weight at slaughter resulted in undesirable correlated responses such as leg problems, mortality and metabolic diseases of poultry. These problems cause economic losses to the poultry industry, because the performance and welfare of the birds is compromised, causing significant rate of disposal of carcasses in slaughterhouses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of body weight and tibia bone integrity-related traits in a paternal broiler line. Data from 1448 broilers was used to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight at 42 days of age (PV42), tibia length and width (COMP and ESP), breaking resistance (RQ), percentage of dry matter (MS), ash (CZ) and magnesium (Mg), in parts per million. Variance components were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood under multi-trait animal model. The general model included the fixed effect of sex-hatching group, and the random additive genetic and residual effects. Heritability estimates ranged from 0,18 ± 0,07 (MS) to 0.46 ± 0.07 (PV42). Genetic correlations ranged from -0.66 ± 0.20 (Mg and RQ) to 0,55 ± 0,15 (CZ and RQ). Environmental correlations ranged from -0.25 ± 0.08 (CZ and COMP) to 0.53 ± 0.05 (PV42 and COMP). The magnitude of heritability estimates observed for body weight and the evaluated tibia bone integrity-related traits, indicate that these traits can respond to selection in this population. The selection for PV42 favors moderately the tibia length, breaking resistance, and the MS and CZ content. However, the improvement in bone integrity would not be entirely proportional to increasing in body weight, what would explain partially the locomotion problems and economic losses verified during the slaughter process, since the development of bone tissue does not follows straight to body growth rate of broilers
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Frango de corte, Osso, Tíbia, Corpo - Peso, Genetica animal, Animal genetics
Como citar
SOUZA, Camila Gabrielle de. Parâmetros genéticos de características associadas à integridade óssea em frangos de corte. 2013. v, 30 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.