A figura do herói antigo nas crônicas medievais da Península Ibérica (séculos XIII e XIV)
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Data
2011-02-02
Autores
Almeida, Simone Ferreira Gomes de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O propósito deste trabalho é analisar a retomada da figura do Herói clássico, procedente das obras de Homero, nas crônicas ibéricas da baixa Idade Média. Especificamente, restringir-nos-emos aos séculos XIII e XIV, visto que as crônicas ibéricas produzidas nesse período se conduziram pelo desígnio comum de construir uma boa imagem de seus reis, além de se preocuparem em legitimar a reconquista da Península aos mouros. Tal construção historiográfica foi um dos recursos utilizados na tentativa de consolidação de um sentimento de nacionalidade ibérica, que não se confunde ainda nessa altura com consciência nacional, mas permite já notar o fortalecimento dos sentimentos regionalistas e dinásticos. Buscamos perceber a forma de retomada da imagem do herói grego, levando em conta o conceito de virtude cristianizado e alimentado pela moral cavaleiresca, então em voga. Nossa principal fonte de estudo é a Crônica Troiana, pois trata-se do escrito medieval que retoma e redefine de forma mais completa as histórias da mitologia e da épica antiga. Propomo-nos pensar sobre o que pode ter estimulado o interesse dos compiladores da corte de Afonso XI pela história troiana, as alterações valorativas no que diz respeito ao modo como a lenda passou a ser contada na Idade Média e como a figura heroica passou a ser identificada com os santos e os reis. A partir, pois, do exame da configuração dessa Crônica Troiana e das fontes de que fez uso, procuramos notar certa persistência de valores antigos na forma de afirmação do poder real nos referidos séculos medievais. Além desse relato originário da corte de Afonso XI de Castela, procuraremos interrogar a figura do herói na General Estoria de Afonso X e na Crônica Geral de Espanha de 1344, do conde Pedro de Barcelos, que apresentam histórias sobre as aventuras de seus antepassados, indicandoos como modelos a serem seguidos.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the resumption of the classic hero image, present in Homer’s texts, into the Iberian chronicles of low Middle Ages. Specifically, we will get focus into the XIIIth and XIVth centuries, in as much as the Iberian chronicles that have been made in this period had as identity the assign of building a good image of their kings. This movement delineates an attempt for the consolidation of Iberian nationality feelings – but, is important to highlight, it cannot be confused with the national knowingness of Absolutists States – it allows us to notice the reinforcement of the regionalist and dynastic feelings. We seek to perceive the meaning alteration from the Greek hero for the medieval hero, taking in account the concept of virtue considered in Middle Ages for the “men’s ideal type” in the chronicles, from the chivalrous moral in craze. For that, we will employ the Crónica Troiana, since this is the medieval write which better represents the histories of mythology and ancient epic. Our first interest consists of thinking about how the Crónica Troiana was made and from witch papers it could born. Beyond this one, produced in Alfonso’s XI court (in Castile) we intend to argue about the hero picture in General Estoria of Alfonso X and in La Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1334, written by Dom Pedro, Count of Barcelos. Those papers present us histories about their ancestors and bounces that they are models to be followed. We also propound to think about the reasons that encouraged the compilers from Alfonso’s XI court to write about Trojan history, the different moral values present in the way the legend was narrated in times and, in the end, the incidence in Middle Ages of other models that can correspond to a heroic figure, as the saints and the kings.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the resumption of the classic hero image, present in Homer’s texts, into the Iberian chronicles of low Middle Ages. Specifically, we will get focus into the XIIIth and XIVth centuries, in as much as the Iberian chronicles that have been made in this period had as identity the assign of building a good image of their kings. This movement delineates an attempt for the consolidation of Iberian nationality feelings – but, is important to highlight, it cannot be confused with the national knowingness of Absolutists States – it allows us to notice the reinforcement of the regionalist and dynastic feelings. We seek to perceive the meaning alteration from the Greek hero for the medieval hero, taking in account the concept of virtue considered in Middle Ages for the “men’s ideal type” in the chronicles, from the chivalrous moral in craze. For that, we will employ the Crónica Troiana, since this is the medieval write which better represents the histories of mythology and ancient epic. Our first interest consists of thinking about how the Crónica Troiana was made and from witch papers it could born. Beyond this one, produced in Alfonso’s XI court (in Castile) we intend to argue about the hero picture in General Estoria of Alfonso X and in La Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1334, written by Dom Pedro, Count of Barcelos. Those papers present us histories about their ancestors and bounces that they are models to be followed. We also propound to think about the reasons that encouraged the compilers from Alfonso’s XI court to write about Trojan history, the different moral values present in the way the legend was narrated in times and, in the end, the incidence in Middle Ages of other models that can correspond to a heroic figure, as the saints and the kings.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
História, Idade Media - Historia, Herois, Cronicas, Península Ibérica, Heroes, Chronicles, Iberian Peninsula, Middle Ages
Como citar
ALMEIDA, Simone Ferreira Gomes de. A figura do herói antigo nas crônicas medievais da Península Ibérica (séculos XIII e XIV). 2011. 116 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2011.