A censura no Pasquim (1969-1975): as vozes não-silenciadas de uma geração
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Data
2009-03-03
Autores
Buzalaf, Márcia Neme [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O período de censura militar sobre o Pasquim, entre seu lançamento, em 1969, até 1975, evidencia aspectos sobre a capacidade de produção intelectual no campo da imprensa alternativa passíveis de uma análise mais acurada. A formação de uma geração em torno do jornal, e em nome dele, ajudou a manutenção e a continuidade do semanário, mesmo com as diferentes formas de tentar acabar com sua circulação. Através de uma linha editorial humorística de representação do cotidiano daqueles anos, o Pasquim passou por três fases de censura durante o período: uma censura circunstancial, que coexiste com o início do jornal; uma censura prévia, feita por militares cariocas que censuravam o material jornalístico próximos aos redatores; e uma censura centralizada em Brasília, que visou prejudicar o processo de produção do jornal. Nesta tese, o Pasquim torna-se fonte e objeto de pesquisa. As trezentas primeiras capas representam o semanário como um todo: a geração que alimentava suas páginas e seu processo de produção; as entrevistas diferentes em formato, conteúdo e linguagem; as frases-editoriais, que definiam o jornal semanalmente; e as ilustrações, principalmente do ratinho-mascote, Sig. O discurso subjetivo, coloquial e humorístico do Pasquim, aliado aos documentos do governo Ernesto Geisel e reportagens da imprensa internacional sobre a censura ao jornal, evidenciam o jogo de ação e reação que se estabeleceu naqueles anos. Censurado desde seu início, o Pasquim persiste e resiste às pressões militares, evidenciando, em seu estilo e linguagem, os elementos de integração entre os novos grupos culturais ligados à geração de 60, e os elementos de repressão das variadas formas de censura ao semanário.
The period of time military censorship over Pasquim, between its launch, in 1969, until 1975, highlights aspects about the intellectual production capacity on the alternative press field that are liable to an accurate analysis. The development of a generation around the newspaper, and after its name, helped the maintenance and the continuity of the weekly publication, besides the different forms of mining its circulation. Using a humoristic editorial guidance of representing the quotidian of those years, Pasquim overcame three phases of censorship during the period: a circumstantial censorship, that coexists with the beginning of the newspaper; a prior censorship, executed by militaries in Rio de Janeiro that censored the journalistic material close to the editorial staff; and a censorship centralized in Brasília, which aimed to damaged the newspaper production process. In this thesis, Pasquim becomes the source and the object of research. The first three hundred covers represent the weekly publication in its totality: the generation that feeded its pages and its production process; the innovative in format, content and language; the editorial sentences that defined the newspaper every week; and the illustrations, especially of Sig, the mascot mouse. The subjective, colloquial and humoristic discourse, allied to Ernesto Geisel´s government documents and articles from the international press about the censorship over the newspaper, evidences the action and reaction dynamics established in those years. Censored from its beginning, Pasquim insists and resists the military pressures, evidencing, in its style and speech, the integrational elements among the new cultural groups connected to the 60´s generation and the repression elements of the different forms of censorship over the weekly newspaper.
The period of time military censorship over Pasquim, between its launch, in 1969, until 1975, highlights aspects about the intellectual production capacity on the alternative press field that are liable to an accurate analysis. The development of a generation around the newspaper, and after its name, helped the maintenance and the continuity of the weekly publication, besides the different forms of mining its circulation. Using a humoristic editorial guidance of representing the quotidian of those years, Pasquim overcame three phases of censorship during the period: a circumstantial censorship, that coexists with the beginning of the newspaper; a prior censorship, executed by militaries in Rio de Janeiro that censored the journalistic material close to the editorial staff; and a censorship centralized in Brasília, which aimed to damaged the newspaper production process. In this thesis, Pasquim becomes the source and the object of research. The first three hundred covers represent the weekly publication in its totality: the generation that feeded its pages and its production process; the innovative in format, content and language; the editorial sentences that defined the newspaper every week; and the illustrations, especially of Sig, the mascot mouse. The subjective, colloquial and humoristic discourse, allied to Ernesto Geisel´s government documents and articles from the international press about the censorship over the newspaper, evidences the action and reaction dynamics established in those years. Censored from its beginning, Pasquim insists and resists the military pressures, evidencing, in its style and speech, the integrational elements among the new cultural groups connected to the 60´s generation and the repression elements of the different forms of censorship over the weekly newspaper.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
História social, Pasquim, Alternative press, Military censorship, 60´s generation, Humoristic speech
Como citar
BUZALAF, Márcia Neme. A censura no Pasquim (1969-1975): as vozes não-silenciadas de uma geração. 2009. 220 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, 2009.