Caracterização dos ácidos graxos das sementes e compostos voláteis dos frutos de espécies do gênero Passiflora
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Data
2006-12-18
Autores
Vieira, Maria Aparecida Ribeiro [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura do maracujazeiro encontra-se em expansão no Brasil. A espécie mais cultivada no país é Passiflora edulis (maracujá-amarelo), representando 95% dos pomares comerciais. O suco, em conjunto com o aroma, é utilizado na elaboração de refrescos, doces, geléia, sorvete e licores. A produção de suco gera toneladas de resíduo, composto por cascas e sementes, sendo em grande parte descartados. Outros usos ligados à indústria cosmética, farmacêutica e alimentícia, ainda permanecem inexplorados, mesmo para P. edulis. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização química do aroma da polpa e do óleo das sementes dos frutos de Passiflora edulis (maracujá-amarelo), Passiflora alata (maracujádoce) e Passiflora nitida (maracujá-suspiro). O óleo das sementes foi extraído com hexano e o aroma da polpa pela técnica de headspace dinâmico. As análises da composição química dos óleos e aromas foram efetuadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada e espectrometria de massas. Não houve diferença significativa no rendimento do óleo entre as espécies P. edulis (25,62%) e P. nitida (26,10%), mas ambas diferiram significativamente da espécie P. alata (20,12%). Para as espécies P. edulis e P. alata a proporção relativa dos ácidos graxos majoritários (linoléico, oléico e palmítico) foram semelhantes (P. edulis: 67,99; 14,54 e 15,30%); (P. alata 63,16; 15,02 e 18,75%) e divergentes de P. nitida (35,53; 28,35 e 28,97%). A composição química do aroma da polpa diferiu entre as três espécies avaliadas. Os compostos voláteis majoritários para o aroma de P. edulis e P. alata pertencem à classe química dos ésteres, sendo os compostos majoritários o butanoato de etila (45,12%) e 2 hexanoato de etila (30,89%) para a primeira espécie e trans-crotonato de metila (40,78%), butanoato de metila (20,52%) e 2-hexenoato de metila (15,70%) para...
Passion fruit culture is expanding in Brazil. The most commonly cultivated Passiflora species is Passiflora edulis (yellow passion fruit), representing 95% of the commercial orchards in the country. The juice along with its aroma is used to elaborate of sweet drinks, candies, jam, ice-cream and brandy. Juice production generates several tons of residues, consisting in passion fruit peel and seeds, the majority of which is discarded. Other uses in association with cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food industry remain unexploited even for P. edulis. The present work aimed to characterize chemically the pulp aroma and the fruit seed oil from Passiflora edulis (yellow passion fruit), Passiflora alata (sweet passion fruit) and Passiflora nitida (meringue passion fruit). The oil was extracted from the seeds using hexane and the fruit aroma was obtained using the dynamic headspace technique. The analyses of the chemical composition of the oils and aromas were performed by mass spectrometry-coupled gas chromatography. There was no significant difference in the oil yield between the species P. edulis (25.62%) and P. nitida (26.10%), however, both were significantly different from the species P. alata (20.12%). For P. edulis and P. alata, the relative proportion of major fatty acids (linoleic, oleic and palmitic) was similar (P. edulis: 67.99; 14.54 and 15.30%); P. alata 63.16; 15.02 and 18.75%) and distinct from P. nitida (35.53; 28.35 and 28.97%). The chemical composition of the pulp aroma was distinct in the three species studied. Major volatile compounds of the aroma from P. edulis and P. alata belong to the chemical class of the esters, being the majoritary compounds: ethyl butanoate (45.12%) and ethyl hexanoate (30.89%) for the first species, whereas in P. alata the majoritary compounds were: methyl trans-crotonate (40.78%), methyl butanoate (20.52%) and... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Passion fruit culture is expanding in Brazil. The most commonly cultivated Passiflora species is Passiflora edulis (yellow passion fruit), representing 95% of the commercial orchards in the country. The juice along with its aroma is used to elaborate of sweet drinks, candies, jam, ice-cream and brandy. Juice production generates several tons of residues, consisting in passion fruit peel and seeds, the majority of which is discarded. Other uses in association with cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food industry remain unexploited even for P. edulis. The present work aimed to characterize chemically the pulp aroma and the fruit seed oil from Passiflora edulis (yellow passion fruit), Passiflora alata (sweet passion fruit) and Passiflora nitida (meringue passion fruit). The oil was extracted from the seeds using hexane and the fruit aroma was obtained using the dynamic headspace technique. The analyses of the chemical composition of the oils and aromas were performed by mass spectrometry-coupled gas chromatography. There was no significant difference in the oil yield between the species P. edulis (25.62%) and P. nitida (26.10%), however, both were significantly different from the species P. alata (20.12%). For P. edulis and P. alata, the relative proportion of major fatty acids (linoleic, oleic and palmitic) was similar (P. edulis: 67.99; 14.54 and 15.30%); P. alata 63.16; 15.02 and 18.75%) and distinct from P. nitida (35.53; 28.35 and 28.97%). The chemical composition of the pulp aroma was distinct in the three species studied. Major volatile compounds of the aroma from P. edulis and P. alata belong to the chemical class of the esters, being the majoritary compounds: ethyl butanoate (45.12%) and ethyl hexanoate (30.89%) for the first species, whereas in P. alata the majoritary compounds were: methyl trans-crotonate (40.78%), methyl butanoate (20.52%) and... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Acidos graxos, Compostos orgânicos voláteis, Aroma, Plantas - Composição, Passiflora, P. edulis, P. nitida, P. alata, Fatty acids, Aroma
Como citar
VIEIRA, Maria Aparecida Ribeiro. Caracterização dos ácidos graxos das sementes e compostos voláteis dos frutos de espécies do gênero Passiflora. 2006. ix, 71 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2006.