Fenologia, produção e qualidade dos frutos de cultivares de mangueira em condições subtropicais
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Data
2014-03-06
Autores
Souza, Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido à enorme diversidade de cultivares e híbridos, assim como diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, o estudo do comportamento das cultivares de mangueira nas distintas regiões produtoras é de grande importância. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a fenologia, a produção e a qualidade dos frutos de cultivares de mangueira em condições subtropicais do estado de São Paulo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP em São Manuel-SP. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Espada Vermelha, Keitt e Palmer. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, utilizando-se uma planta por parcela e 10 repetições. A fenologia foi avaliada considerando-se o número de dias para formação da panícula e das fases de desenvolvimento dos frutos, além da curva de crescimento dos mesmos e a exigência térmica. As avaliações referentes à produção foram: número de frutos produzidos por planta e por panícula; porcentagem de abortamento, produção, produtividade, eficiência produtiva e sazonalidade de produção. Quanto à análise física dos frutos, foram avaliados os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, o formato e a massa do fruto, o rendimento de polpa, casca e caroço, calibre e cor da casca e da polpa. Em relação às características químicas e bioquímicas, avaliou-se: acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, “Ratio”, índice tecnológico, teor de ácido ascórbico, açucares redutor, não-redutor e total, carotenóides, atividade antioxidante, flavonóides e polifenóis. Com base nos resultados observou-se que as três cultivares avaliadas possuem duração dos estádios fenológicos distintas. A cultivar Keitt apresenta maior número de dias e maior exigência térmica para atingir a maturidade fisiológica dos frutos. As curvas de crescimento dos frutos de ‘Espada Vermelha’, Keitt’ e...
Due to the enormous diversity of cultivars and hybrids, as well as different environmental conditions, the study of the performance of mango cultivars in different regions is of great importance. Given the above, this study aimed to assess the phenology, production and fruit quality of mango cultivars in subtropical conditions of the state of São Paulo. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of San Manuel Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP in São Manuel-SP. The Espada Vermelha, Keitt and Palmer were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with one plant per plot and 10 repetitions. Phenology was evaluated by considering the number of days and the panicle formation stage of fruit development, plus the growth of the same and the thermal demand curve. For the production was evaluated: number of fruits per plant and per panicle, percentage of abortion of fruits, production, productivity, production efficiency and seasonality of production. For the physical analysis of the fruits were evaluated: longitudinal and transverse diameters, the shape and weight of the fruit, the yield of pulp, peel and seed, size and color of the skin and pulp. Regarding the chemical and biochemical characteristics were assessed: titratable acidity, soluble solids, Ratio, technological index, ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, flavonoids and polyphenols. Based on the results it was observed that the three cultivars have different duration of phenological stages. The cultivar Keitt had the greatest number of days and thermal requirement to reach physiological maturity of the fruit. The growth curves of the fruit of ‘Espada Vermelha’, ‘Keitt’ and ‘Palmer’ behave the same way as a function of days after anthesis, and follow sigmoidal model. The 'Palmer' is a cultivar with better performance, with the highest ...
Due to the enormous diversity of cultivars and hybrids, as well as different environmental conditions, the study of the performance of mango cultivars in different regions is of great importance. Given the above, this study aimed to assess the phenology, production and fruit quality of mango cultivars in subtropical conditions of the state of São Paulo. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of San Manuel Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP in São Manuel-SP. The Espada Vermelha, Keitt and Palmer were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with one plant per plot and 10 repetitions. Phenology was evaluated by considering the number of days and the panicle formation stage of fruit development, plus the growth of the same and the thermal demand curve. For the production was evaluated: number of fruits per plant and per panicle, percentage of abortion of fruits, production, productivity, production efficiency and seasonality of production. For the physical analysis of the fruits were evaluated: longitudinal and transverse diameters, the shape and weight of the fruit, the yield of pulp, peel and seed, size and color of the skin and pulp. Regarding the chemical and biochemical characteristics were assessed: titratable acidity, soluble solids, Ratio, technological index, ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, flavonoids and polyphenols. Based on the results it was observed that the three cultivars have different duration of phenological stages. The cultivar Keitt had the greatest number of days and thermal requirement to reach physiological maturity of the fruit. The growth curves of the fruit of ‘Espada Vermelha’, ‘Keitt’ and ‘Palmer’ behave the same way as a function of days after anthesis, and follow sigmoidal model. The 'Palmer' is a cultivar with better performance, with the highest ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Manga (Fruta), Produtividade agrícola, Frutas - Qualidade, Fenologia, Antioxidantes, Mango industry
Como citar
SOUZA, Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo. Fenologia, produção e qualidade dos frutos de cultivares de mangueira em condições subtropicais. 2014. xiv, 80 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” , Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2014.