Monitoramento do estado nutricional e da solução do solo em laranjeiras ‘Hamlin’ fertirrigadas
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Data
2012-02-28
Autores
Andrade, Thomas Fiore de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A citricultura é um segmento de grande importância para o Brasil, que é o maior produtor mundial de laranja. A fertirrigação é uma prática que está cada vez mais se expandindo no cenário da citricultura, sendo esta técnica geralmente realizada através de doses preestabelecidas, sem qualquer monitoramento do estado nutricional da planta e do solo. O manejo inadequado da fertirrigação pode ocasionar certos desequilíbrios nas condições de solo e no estado nutricional da planta ao longo do tempo. As técnicas tradicionais de monitoramento da condição do solo e da planta não permitem o fornecimento de dados com rapidez, para que possa ser realizada uma alteração na adubação, desperdiçando assim este grande potencial da fertirrigação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito de cinco doses de N e K sobre a produção e estado nutricional de plantas cítricas, correlacionando os resultados de análise da seiva, análise do teor de clorofila e solução do solo com os resultados da análise do solo e foliar, assim observando a sensibilidade destes métodos com relação à variação das doses destes nutrientes. Para isso foi conduzido um experimento em campo, na cidade de Reginópolis-SP/Brasil, utilizando-se laranjeiras da variedade ‘Hamlin’, sobre portaenxerto citrumelo Swingle. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco doses de N e K, aplicadas via fertirrigação: T1 - controle (sem nutriente); T2 - 25%; T3 - 50%; T4 - 100% e T5 - 200% da dose de N e K. A dose 100%, oficialmente recomendada, foi definida com base no histórico de análises de solo e folhas e também em função da produtividade esperada. A partir desta dose foram calculadas as outras. Para monitorar o estado nutricional das plantas foram realizadas análises de folha e seiva e também foi determinada a medida indireta da clorofila. A dinâmica...
The citrus industry is a segment of great importance to Brazil, which is the world largest producer of orange. Fertigation is a technique that is increasingly expanding in the citriculture, but this technique is usually performed using predetermined doses without monitoring the nutritional status of plant and soil. The mismanagement of fertigation can cause imbalances in soil conditions and plant nutritional status over time. Traditional techniques for monitoring the condition of the soil and the plant does not allow the provision of data quickly, wasting this great potential of fertigation. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of five N and K rates on the yield and nutritional status of citrus plants, correlating the results of sap analysis, indirect measurement of the chlorophyll and soil solution analysis with the results of the leaf and soil analysis, thereby observing the sensitivity of these methods. The experiment occurred out in the city of Reginópolis-SP/Brasil, using ‘Hamlin’ trees, grafted on citrumelo Swingle rootstock. The treatments consisted of five N and K rates, applied through fertigation: T1 - control (no nutrient), T2 - 25%, T3 - 50%, T4 - T5 and 100% - 200% of N and K. The 100% rate, officially recommended, was established based on historical of soil and leaf analysis and also in accordance with the expected productivity. The remaining rates was calculated from it. To monitor the nutritional status of the plants, leaf analysis, sap analysis and the indirect measurement of the chlorophyll were employed. The nutrients dynamics in the soil was evaluated by soil sampling and by the soil solution analysis, with the help of porous covering soil solution extractors. The yield was also quantified. In the soil solution was observed decrease in pH and increase in electrical conductivity and in ammonium, nitrate, potassium... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The citrus industry is a segment of great importance to Brazil, which is the world largest producer of orange. Fertigation is a technique that is increasingly expanding in the citriculture, but this technique is usually performed using predetermined doses without monitoring the nutritional status of plant and soil. The mismanagement of fertigation can cause imbalances in soil conditions and plant nutritional status over time. Traditional techniques for monitoring the condition of the soil and the plant does not allow the provision of data quickly, wasting this great potential of fertigation. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of five N and K rates on the yield and nutritional status of citrus plants, correlating the results of sap analysis, indirect measurement of the chlorophyll and soil solution analysis with the results of the leaf and soil analysis, thereby observing the sensitivity of these methods. The experiment occurred out in the city of Reginópolis-SP/Brasil, using ‘Hamlin’ trees, grafted on citrumelo Swingle rootstock. The treatments consisted of five N and K rates, applied through fertigation: T1 - control (no nutrient), T2 - 25%, T3 - 50%, T4 - T5 and 100% - 200% of N and K. The 100% rate, officially recommended, was established based on historical of soil and leaf analysis and also in accordance with the expected productivity. The remaining rates was calculated from it. To monitor the nutritional status of the plants, leaf analysis, sap analysis and the indirect measurement of the chlorophyll were employed. The nutrients dynamics in the soil was evaluated by soil sampling and by the soil solution analysis, with the help of porous covering soil solution extractors. The yield was also quantified. In the soil solution was observed decrease in pH and increase in electrical conductivity and in ammonium, nitrate, potassium... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fertirrigação, Adubação, Nitrogenio na agricultura, Laranja - Adubos e fertilizantes, Potassio na agricultura, Citriculture - Fertigation
Como citar
ANDRADE, Thomas Fiore de. Monitoramento do estado nutricional e da solução do solo em laranjeiras ‘Hamlin’ fertirrigadas. 2012. viii, 63 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2012.