O discurso do poder e o poder dos discursos em ensaio sobre As intermitências da morte de José Saramago
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Data
2010-02-26
Autores
Figueiredo, Poliana Ganan de Brites [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho propõe-se a estudar o processo de desnudamento⁄revelação dos discursos de poder, sejam eles social e historicamente reconhecidos como tais ou não, em dois romances do escritor português José Saramago: Ensaio sobre a lucidez (2004) e As intermitências da morte (2005). A linha norteadora para a análise são as reflexões de Michel Foucault referentes à idéia de que a sociedade é determinada por certas regras que a delimitam e controlam por meio dos “jogos de verdade” pertinentes a cada época. Essa “sociedade disciplinar” teria criado um sujeito apenas aparentemente livre, pois subordinado a um sistema invisível de poder. Em ambos os romances, os discursos que, aberta ou veladamente, exercem sobre a sociedade algum tipo de poder são desautorizados, destituídos de seu poder, pois o leitor é levado a enxergá-los como uma construção. Nesse mesmo sentido, a ficção – discurso assumidamente construído – volta-se para si mesma, por meio de um narrador que comenta e questiona seu próprio contar, apontando para o seu caráter estritamente ficcional, relativizando, assim, o alcance de poder de sua própria voz, já que exige do leitor um posicionamento crítico com relação a ela. Em As intermitências da morte busca-se ainda investigar, por meio dos estudos de Walter Benjamin sobre o “narrador” (contador de histórias), como o tom fabular conferido ao romance contrasta com os constantes questionamentos do narrador que, comentando mais que contando, tece, ao longo do texto, um discurso que, vez ou outra, não hesita em se auto-avaliar, num jogo de redução e ampliação das possibilidades do texto ficcional, levando o leitor a refletir sobre as dimensões possíveis do literário. A dimensão metalingüística assumida nos romances leva, também, a uma reflexão mais apurada sobre a língua e suas armadilhas, considerando-se, então, os estudos...
This work aims to study the unveiling/revelation of discourses of power, regardless if those discourses are socially and historically recognized or not, in two novels by Portuguese writer José Saramago: Seeing (2004) and Death with Interruptions (2005). The analysis is primarily based on Michel Foucault’s idea that society is determined by certain rules which in turn delineate and control it by means of ‘games of power’ that prove relevant to each epoch. This ‘disciplinary society’ would have produced an only apparently free subject, who is subordinated to an invisible system instead. In both the aforesaid novels, the discourses which either overtly or covertly exercise some sort of power over society are rendered nugatory, powerless, since the reader is lead to construe them as sheer construct. Therefore, fiction – an acknowledgedly constructed discourse – turns to its own axis by means of a narrator that comments and questions the very telling, demanding that the reader take up a critical position, a demand which in turn causes such a voice to get the reach of its own power into perspective. The present work also refers to Walter Benjamin’s studies on the ‘narrator’ (story teller) so as to investigate how the fabular tone the narrator assumes in Death with Interruptions (2005) contrasts with his/her constant questioning. By commenting more than telling, this narrator weaves, throughout the text, a discourse which, time and again, does not hesitate to perform a self-evaluation in a play that narrows and broadens the possibilities of the fictional text, causing the reader to reflect upon the very possible literary dimensions. Also, the metalinguistic dimension the novels assume activates a more accurate reflection upon language and its traps, which in the process leads the way into Roland Barthes’s studies that allude to language as an elemental locus of power.
This work aims to study the unveiling/revelation of discourses of power, regardless if those discourses are socially and historically recognized or not, in two novels by Portuguese writer José Saramago: Seeing (2004) and Death with Interruptions (2005). The analysis is primarily based on Michel Foucault’s idea that society is determined by certain rules which in turn delineate and control it by means of ‘games of power’ that prove relevant to each epoch. This ‘disciplinary society’ would have produced an only apparently free subject, who is subordinated to an invisible system instead. In both the aforesaid novels, the discourses which either overtly or covertly exercise some sort of power over society are rendered nugatory, powerless, since the reader is lead to construe them as sheer construct. Therefore, fiction – an acknowledgedly constructed discourse – turns to its own axis by means of a narrator that comments and questions the very telling, demanding that the reader take up a critical position, a demand which in turn causes such a voice to get the reach of its own power into perspective. The present work also refers to Walter Benjamin’s studies on the ‘narrator’ (story teller) so as to investigate how the fabular tone the narrator assumes in Death with Interruptions (2005) contrasts with his/her constant questioning. By commenting more than telling, this narrator weaves, throughout the text, a discourse which, time and again, does not hesitate to perform a self-evaluation in a play that narrows and broadens the possibilities of the fictional text, causing the reader to reflect upon the very possible literary dimensions. Also, the metalinguistic dimension the novels assume activates a more accurate reflection upon language and its traps, which in the process leads the way into Roland Barthes’s studies that allude to language as an elemental locus of power.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saramago, José, 1922- As intermitências da morte - Crítica e interpretação, Saramago, José, 1922- Ensaio sobre a lucidez - Crítica e interpretação, Literatura portuguesa - História e crítica, Ficção portuguesa - História e crítica, Análise do discurso literário, Romance português - História e crítica, Poder (Literatura), Discourse, Power, Narrator, Language
Como citar
FIGUEIREDO, Poliana Ganan de Brites. O discurso do poder e o poder dos discursos em ensaio sobre As intermitências da morte de José Saramago. 2010. 105 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2010.