Sacarificação da polpa cítrica por hidrólise ácida e cultivo pelo processo de batelada simples com reciclo de Trichoderma reesei ou Aspergillus niger com produção de celulases e poligalacturonases
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Data
2012-06-04
Autores
Barbosa, Marcos de Freitas [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A necessidade mundial por tecnologias não poluidoras ou “limpas” obtidas de fontes renováveis e uso racional da terra, a produção de insumos cada vez mais deverá ser baseada na biotecnologia com emprego de resíduos agroindustriais. A polpa cítrica obtida da laranja (Citrus sinensis) é um importante resíduo que somente no Estado de São Paulo se estima em 7,693x106 toneladas produzidas pelas indústrias cítricas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal o estudo da sacarificação biotecnológica e química da polpa cítrica. A produção de extrato bruto enzimático usando a polpa cítrica proveniente da indústria cítrica foi estudada para a produção de celulases e poligalacturonases por fermentação em processo de batelada simples com reciclo de células e caldo usando os fungos Trichoderma reesei e Aspergillus niger. O resíduo proveniente dessa fermentação foi avaliado quanto à proteína bruta incorporada durante a fermentação. A polpa cítrica se mostrou um substrato eficiente na produção enzimática. Neste trabalho a atividade de poligalacturonase atingiu o pico de produção de 8,05 UI/mL com 72 h. de cultivo em seu terceiro ciclo com 12% de polpa cítrica, usando como inoculante o A. niger. Já a produção de celulase ocorreu tanto com o A. niger quanto com o T. reesei, com picos de 0,57 e 0,72 FPU/mL respectivamente. Quanto ao enriquecimento proteico da polpa cítrica após o cultivo com A. niger e T. reesei houve uma elevação de 7,97% para 22,8% e 26,8% respectivamente, através do processo com reciclo da biomassa e caldo fermentativo. Um estudo comparativo de sacarificação da polpa cítrica por via ácida também foi feito com 0,1% de H2SO4 a 121ºC e 1 atm em diferentes tempos. Os melhores tempos foram de 60 e 120 min. com...
The global need for clean technologies, renewable, and efficient use of land, more and more production will be based on the use of biotechnology with agribusiness residues. The citrus pulp obtained from orange (Citrus sinensis) is an important residue that only in the State of São Paulo is estimated at 7.693 x 106 tonnes produced by the citrus industry. This study aimed the evaluation of the biotechnological and chemical saccharification of citrus pulp peel. The production of crude enzyme extract using citrus pulp from the citrus industry has been studied to produce cellulase and polygalacturonase by fermentation in a simple batch procedure with cell and broth recycle using the fungi Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. The fermented residues were evaluated for the incorporated protein during fermentation. The citrus pulp proved to be an efficient substrate in enzyme production. In this work the results of polygalacturonase production peaked at 8.05 U/mL in 72 h. cultivation in its third cycle with 10% citrus pulp, using as inoculum A. niger. The production of cellulase occurred both with A. niger and T. reesei with, with peaks of 0.57 and 0.72 FPU/mL, respectively. As for the protein enrichment of citrus pulp after cultivation with A. niger and T. reesei there was an increase of 7.97% to 22.8% and 26.8%, respectively, through the process with recycling of biomass and fermented broth. A comparative study of the citrus pulp saccharification by acid was also done with 0.1% H2SO4 at 121 °C and 1 atm at different times. The best times were 60 and 120 min. with 43.8 grams of sugar and 42.1 respectively per 100 g of dried citrus pulp. This technique is fast and efficient, but the cost was not competitive when compared to the cost of sucrose from sugar cane. But the use of citrus pulp as a substrate for production... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The global need for clean technologies, renewable, and efficient use of land, more and more production will be based on the use of biotechnology with agribusiness residues. The citrus pulp obtained from orange (Citrus sinensis) is an important residue that only in the State of São Paulo is estimated at 7.693 x 106 tonnes produced by the citrus industry. This study aimed the evaluation of the biotechnological and chemical saccharification of citrus pulp peel. The production of crude enzyme extract using citrus pulp from the citrus industry has been studied to produce cellulase and polygalacturonase by fermentation in a simple batch procedure with cell and broth recycle using the fungi Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. The fermented residues were evaluated for the incorporated protein during fermentation. The citrus pulp proved to be an efficient substrate in enzyme production. In this work the results of polygalacturonase production peaked at 8.05 U/mL in 72 h. cultivation in its third cycle with 10% citrus pulp, using as inoculum A. niger. The production of cellulase occurred both with A. niger and T. reesei with, with peaks of 0.57 and 0.72 FPU/mL, respectively. As for the protein enrichment of citrus pulp after cultivation with A. niger and T. reesei there was an increase of 7.97% to 22.8% and 26.8%, respectively, through the process with recycling of biomass and fermented broth. A comparative study of the citrus pulp saccharification by acid was also done with 0.1% H2SO4 at 121 °C and 1 atm at different times. The best times were 60 and 120 min. with 43.8 grams of sugar and 42.1 respectively per 100 g of dried citrus pulp. This technique is fast and efficient, but the cost was not competitive when compared to the cost of sucrose from sugar cane. But the use of citrus pulp as a substrate for production... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Microbiologia industrial, Polpa de frutas, Fruit pulp, Industrial microbiology
Como citar
BARBOSA, Marcos de Freitas. Sacarificação da polpa cítrica por hidrólise ácida e cultivo pelo processo de batelada simples com reciclo de Trichoderma reesei ou Aspergillus niger com produção de celulases e poligalacturonases. 2012. 102 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2012.