Aproveitamento de subprodutos agroindustriais para a produção de amilases fúngicas: estudo de parâmetros fermentativos e caracterização das enzimas
Data
2011-07-29
Autores
Ferreira, Osania Emerenciano [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização de fermentação em estado sólido a partir de subprodutos agroindustriais possibilita a obtenção de várias biomoléculas de interesse industrial. As amilases são enzimas com grande aplicação nas indústrias têxtil, farmacêuticas, alimentícias e sucroalcooleira, representando aproximadamente 25% do mercado mundial. Neste trabalho foram isoladas três linhagens fúngicas (Rhizopus oryzae, Malbranchea pulchella e Chrysosporium zonatum), que apresentaram potencial amilolítico, quando cultivadas em três resíduos agroindustriais (quirera de arroz e de milho e farelo de trigo). Para a cepa que apresentou maior atividade enzimática, avaliou-se melhor substrato, tempo de cultivo, teores de umidade, fontes suplementares de nitrogênio, pH e temperatura de incubação, objetivando otimizar as condições de cultivo. Observou-se que a maior atividade enzimática foi obtida com a cepa de R. oryzae em 24 horas de fermentação, em meio de cultura contendo farelo de trigo como substrato, em temperatura de 35°C, utilizando solução de sais composta de NH4NO3 a 0,1% e MgSO4.7H2O a 0,1% como fonte de nitrogênio. Alterações de pH entre 4,0 e 6,0 não afetaram significativamente a síntese da enzima. A condições ótimas de atuação foram temperatura de 75°C e pH de 4,5. As enzima manteve-se estável a 75°C na ausência de substrato por 25 minutos
The use of fermentation in a solid state from agroindustrial byproducts permits the obtaining of several biomolecules of interest the industry, like the enzymes. The amylases are enzymes with great application on the textile, pharmaceutical and food industries, representing around 25% of the worldwide market. In this work three ungal strains (Rhizopus oryzae, Malbranchea pulchella and Chrysosporium zonatum) were isolated. They presented amylolytic potential when cultivated in three agroindustrial by products (brewers rice, corn grits and wheat bran). To the strain that presented the greatest enzyme activity, it was evaluated the best substrate, cultivation time, moisture content, additional sources of nitrogen, pH and incubation temperature, aiming the optimization of cultivation conditions. I was observed that the greatest enzyme’s activity was obtained with 24 hours of fermentation, in R. orizae in a culture medium that contained wheat bran as the substrate, at 35°C, using salt solution made with NH4NO3 0.1%, MgSO4.7h2O 0.1% and (NH4)2SO4 0.1% as nitrogen source. pH alterations between 4.0 and 6.0 didn’t change significantly the enzyme’s activity. The optimum conditions of performance of the enzyme were temperature of 75°C and pH 4.5. The enzyme kept stable in the lack of substrate for 25 minutes in 75°C
The use of fermentation in a solid state from agroindustrial byproducts permits the obtaining of several biomolecules of interest the industry, like the enzymes. The amylases are enzymes with great application on the textile, pharmaceutical and food industries, representing around 25% of the worldwide market. In this work three ungal strains (Rhizopus oryzae, Malbranchea pulchella and Chrysosporium zonatum) were isolated. They presented amylolytic potential when cultivated in three agroindustrial by products (brewers rice, corn grits and wheat bran). To the strain that presented the greatest enzyme activity, it was evaluated the best substrate, cultivation time, moisture content, additional sources of nitrogen, pH and incubation temperature, aiming the optimization of cultivation conditions. I was observed that the greatest enzyme’s activity was obtained with 24 hours of fermentation, in R. orizae in a culture medium that contained wheat bran as the substrate, at 35°C, using salt solution made with NH4NO3 0.1%, MgSO4.7h2O 0.1% and (NH4)2SO4 0.1% as nitrogen source. pH alterations between 4.0 and 6.0 didn’t change significantly the enzyme’s activity. The optimum conditions of performance of the enzyme were temperature of 75°C and pH 4.5. The enzyme kept stable in the lack of substrate for 25 minutes in 75°C
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Enzimas, Amilase, Amilases - Produção, Fungal Alpha-Amylase - Production
Como citar
FERREIRA, Osania Emerenciano. Aproveitamento de subprodutos agroindustriais para a produção de amilases fúngicas: estudo de parâmetros fermentativos e caracterização das enzimas. 2011. xv, 56 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2011.