Enxertia e caracterização de rambutanzeiro por aspectos foliares
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Data
2013-07-10
Autores
Barreto, Lívia Felício [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido a grande diversidade genética das plantas de rambutan, com este trabalho objetivou-se, determinar o melhor tipo de enxertia, proteção do enxerto e tipo de porta enxerto para propagação do rambutanzeiro e, verificar, a possibilidade de distinção de genótipos e sexos de materiais por meio de aspectos foliares, possibilitando, o reconhecimento das plantas na fase inicial de desenvolvimento, quando originadas por sementes. As enxertias foram repetidas em duas épocas do ano (outono/inverno e primavera/verão), e os tratamentos foram: 4 tipos de enxertia (inglês simples-IS; fenda cheia-FC; fenda esvaziada-FE e fenda esvaziada invertida-FEI), 2 tipos de materiais de proteção do enxerto (Biodegradável e Plástico) e 2 tipos de porta enxertos (sem ou com folhas). As variáveis analisadas foram: porcentagem de pegamento, número e comprimento das brotações (cm). Para caracterização foliar foram selecionadas 10 plantas produtivas e 10 masculinas, sendo estas denominadas de acordo com a disposição no pomar. Estas foram avaliadas quanto a disposição dos folíolos na ráquis (alternos ou opostos), tamanho de folhas e folíolos (comprimento e largura, em cm), área do folíolo (cm2), número de folíolos, comprimento da ráquis (cm), comprimento dos intervalos entre pecíolos (cm), coloração (L*, a*, b*, C* e H*) dos folíolos (superfície superior e inferior). Para as enxertias realizadas no outono/inverno, tanto a garfagem por fenda cheia como inglês simples com fita biodegradável e porta enxerto sem folhas proporcionaram os melhores resultados na propagação do rambutanzeiro. As características relacionadas a coloração inferior dos folíolos, podem ser aspectos foliares diferenciais em plantas produtivas como observado nas plantas LB10_F, LB11_F e LB91_F, e as análises multivariadas permitiram concluir que há baixa distância genética entre as plantas estudadas, e com base...
Due to the great genetic diversity of plants rambutan, this study aimed to determine the best type of grafting, graft protection and type of rootstock for propagation of rambutan tree, and to verify the possibility of distinguishing genotypes and sexes materials through leaves aspects, allowing the recognition of plants in the early stage of development, when originated from seeds. The grafting were repeated in two seasons (autumn/winter and spring/summer), and, the treatment were four types of grafting (whip graft-WG; cleft graft –CG; wedge graft-WG; and inverted wedge graft-IWG;), 2 types of graft protection (Biodegradable and plastic) and 2 types of rootstock (without or with leaves). The variables analyzed in this study were: percentage of grafting success, number and length of buds (cm). Were selected to leaf characterization 10 production plants and 10 male, and these are called according to the arrangement in the orchard. These were evaluated for: leaflet disposition in the stem (alternate or opposite), leaves and leaflet size (length and width, in cm), leaflet area (cm2), number of leaflets, stem length (cm), length of the intervals between the petioles (cm), coloration (L *, a *, b *, C * and H *) of the leaflet (inferior and superior sides). For grafting performed in autumn / winter, both by cleft grafting as whip graft with biodegradable strip and rootstock leafless provided the best results in propagation of rambutan tree. That the characteristics related to inferior coloration leaflets, can be foliar aspects differentials in production plants as observed in plants LB10_F, LB11_F and LB91_F, and multivariate analyzes concluded that there is low genetic distance between the plants studied, and based on the aspects leaves analyzed was not possible to identify a outstanding characteristic of all plants of the same sex
Due to the great genetic diversity of plants rambutan, this study aimed to determine the best type of grafting, graft protection and type of rootstock for propagation of rambutan tree, and to verify the possibility of distinguishing genotypes and sexes materials through leaves aspects, allowing the recognition of plants in the early stage of development, when originated from seeds. The grafting were repeated in two seasons (autumn/winter and spring/summer), and, the treatment were four types of grafting (whip graft-WG; cleft graft –CG; wedge graft-WG; and inverted wedge graft-IWG;), 2 types of graft protection (Biodegradable and plastic) and 2 types of rootstock (without or with leaves). The variables analyzed in this study were: percentage of grafting success, number and length of buds (cm). Were selected to leaf characterization 10 production plants and 10 male, and these are called according to the arrangement in the orchard. These were evaluated for: leaflet disposition in the stem (alternate or opposite), leaves and leaflet size (length and width, in cm), leaflet area (cm2), number of leaflets, stem length (cm), length of the intervals between the petioles (cm), coloration (L *, a *, b *, C * and H *) of the leaflet (inferior and superior sides). For grafting performed in autumn / winter, both by cleft grafting as whip graft with biodegradable strip and rootstock leafless provided the best results in propagation of rambutan tree. That the characteristics related to inferior coloration leaflets, can be foliar aspects differentials in production plants as observed in plants LB10_F, LB11_F and LB91_F, and multivariate analyzes concluded that there is low genetic distance between the plants studied, and based on the aspects leaves analyzed was not possible to identify a outstanding characteristic of all plants of the same sex
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Frutas, Enxertia, Morfologia (Biologia), Plantas - Propagação, Analise foliar, Plantas - Analise, Grafting
Como citar
BARRETO, Lívia Felício. Enxertia e caracterização de rambutanzeiro por aspectos foliares. 2013. iv, 62 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.