Variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo e da produtividade de soja
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Data
2004-06-30
Autores
Beraldo, José Marcos Garrido [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição espacial de atributos do solo antes e após a aplicação em doses variadas de calcário e fertilizante fosfatado e estudar as correlações entre os atributos químicos e físicos do solo com a produtividade da soja. Foram coletadas amostras de solo geo-referenciadas na intensidade de uma amostra por hectare na profundidade de 0-0,20 m em três talhões. Foram determinados: pH, teores de matéria orgânica, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, textura do solo e calculado a CTC e o V%. O solo foi corrigido com calcário e fertilizado com adubo fosfatado, utilizando uma distribuidora dotada de um sistema para aplicação em doses variadas, procedendo-se a semeadura da soja. A colheita foi monitorada utilizando uma colhedora equipada com um monitor de produtividade. Após a colheita coletou-se amostras de solo nos mesmos pontos de amostragem. Os dados foram analisados com análise estatística descritiva e geoestatística. O manejo do solo através da aplicação variada de calcário e fósforo diminuiu a variabilidade espacial dos teores de P e os valores de V%. O P foi o atributo do solo que mais se correlacionou com a produtividade da soja. O mapa de produtividade possibilitou identificar onde as baixas e altas produtividades estão localizadas na área.
The objective of this work was to evaluate soil properties maps developed by different methods, before and after lime and phosphorus fertilizer application at variable rates, using geoestatistics techniques to develop maps showing spatial dependence of soil properties, and relationship chemical and physical attributes of the soil with the production of soybean. Soil georeferenced samples were obtained at from 0 - 0,20 m depths in three fields. P, Ca, Mg, K, H+Al, pH, CEC, texture and base saturation (V%) were determined in each sample. Lime and phosphorus requirement were calculated to increase the base saturation to 70% and phosphorus level to 40 mg dm-3. Prescription lime and phosphorus maps were developed using the SSToolbox program. Based on these maps, lime and phosphorus fertilizer were applied at variable rates. The harvest of a soybean yield was monitored continuously using a harvest machine equipped with a real-time global positioning system unit (GPS) for yield monitoring. After a soybean growing season the soil was sampled again at the same points, and condition maps after variable rate application. Lime and phosphorus, were developed using the SSToolbox program and geoestatistics parameters. Descriptive statistics of soil data were calculated and geostatistical analysis were performed to mesure and model the spatial variability of soil properties. The results showed that the maps developed using SSToolbox program and geoestatistics parameters were similar. Lime and phosphorus variable rate application reduced the spatial variability of base saturation and phosphorus level in the experimental area. The yield map allowed to identify the location of the high and low soybean yield in the area.
The objective of this work was to evaluate soil properties maps developed by different methods, before and after lime and phosphorus fertilizer application at variable rates, using geoestatistics techniques to develop maps showing spatial dependence of soil properties, and relationship chemical and physical attributes of the soil with the production of soybean. Soil georeferenced samples were obtained at from 0 - 0,20 m depths in three fields. P, Ca, Mg, K, H+Al, pH, CEC, texture and base saturation (V%) were determined in each sample. Lime and phosphorus requirement were calculated to increase the base saturation to 70% and phosphorus level to 40 mg dm-3. Prescription lime and phosphorus maps were developed using the SSToolbox program. Based on these maps, lime and phosphorus fertilizer were applied at variable rates. The harvest of a soybean yield was monitored continuously using a harvest machine equipped with a real-time global positioning system unit (GPS) for yield monitoring. After a soybean growing season the soil was sampled again at the same points, and condition maps after variable rate application. Lime and phosphorus, were developed using the SSToolbox program and geoestatistics parameters. Descriptive statistics of soil data were calculated and geostatistical analysis were performed to mesure and model the spatial variability of soil properties. The results showed that the maps developed using SSToolbox program and geoestatistics parameters were similar. Lime and phosphorus variable rate application reduced the spatial variability of base saturation and phosphorus level in the experimental area. The yield map allowed to identify the location of the high and low soybean yield in the area.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Manejo, Produtividade agrícola, Soja, Geostatistics, Precision farming
Como citar
BERALDO, José Marcos Garrido. Variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo e da produtividade de soja. 2004. iii, 62 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2004.