Caracterização tecnológica das argilas da cidade de Cunha para fins de cerâmica artística
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Data
2007-11
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cidade de Cunha, no interior de São Paulo, é hoje reconhecida como um dos principais centros de cerâmica artística de alta temperatura. Nessa cidade, há a maior concentração de fornos noborigama da América do Sul, que é um forno de tradição milenar oriental. As peças produzidas nesse tipo de forno são reconhecidas como sendo cerâmica artística com alto valor agregado. Os ceramistas não possuem nenhum tipo de apoio técnico em relação à matéria-prima utilizada, que é a argila. Então, foi realizada neste trabalho a caracterização tecnológica de duas argilas da região, uma de coloração escura e outra de coloração clara, que são misturadas em três proporções diferentes, com o intuito de obter uma massa com boa trabalhabilidade para o processo de conformação. Foram utilizadas algumas técnicas para a caracterização mineralógica como análise térmica diferencial, análise termogravimétrica e difração de raios X. Para a caracterização física pré-queima realizou-se ensaios de análise granulométrica, massa específica dos grãos de solo e limites de Atterberg. Também, foram avaliadas as propriedades tecnológicas pós-queima em três temperaturas diferentes a 950°C, 1.150°C e 1.350°C, as propriedades avaliadas foram porosidade aparente, absorção de água, massa específica aparente, retração linear, rugosidade e resistência mecânica por flexão (3 pontos). A argila de cor clara apresentou melhores resultados na maioria dos ensaios quando comparados com os resultados obtidos com a argila de coloração escura e as respectivas misturas. Em relação a essas misturas, não houve variações significativas nas propriedades avaliadas. Observou-se que a temperatura de queima teve forte influência nas propriedades finais, principalmente a 1.350°C.
Cunha, a small Town located in São Paulo State, Brazil, is known today as one of the major centers of high temperature artistic ceramics. It is the place with the largest concentration of “noborigamas”, which are secular traditional oriental ovens. The items, made in this kind of ovens are recognized as being artistic ceramics with a high aggregated value. The ceramists do not have any kind of technical support regarding the clay, the raw material used by them. In this work the technical characterization was performed in two types of clay from Cunha: a dark colored one and a light colored one, both mixed in three different proportions in order to obtain a paste of good workability for the shaping process. Some techniques were used to get the mineralogical characteristics such as differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction technique. Experiments of particle size analysis, grain specific mass and Atterberg’s limit were done for the preburning physical characterization. The technological properties were also estimated before and after burning the clay in three different temperatures: 950° C, 1.150° C and 1.350° C. The properties estimated were: apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, linear shrinkage, roughness and flexural strength (3 points) The light colored clay reached better results in most of the experiences compared to the results obtained from the dark one and the respective mixtures. There were not expressive variations regarding these mixtures. It was observed that the burning temperature had a strong influence over the final properties, especially at 1.350°C. Both types of clay and their respective mixtures get through a “cure” process or “soting” in the ceramists workshop. The samples of clay analyzed in this experience were obtained from the mine without the previous treatment used by the ceramists. The “cure” process can alter the clay properties.
Cunha, a small Town located in São Paulo State, Brazil, is known today as one of the major centers of high temperature artistic ceramics. It is the place with the largest concentration of “noborigamas”, which are secular traditional oriental ovens. The items, made in this kind of ovens are recognized as being artistic ceramics with a high aggregated value. The ceramists do not have any kind of technical support regarding the clay, the raw material used by them. In this work the technical characterization was performed in two types of clay from Cunha: a dark colored one and a light colored one, both mixed in three different proportions in order to obtain a paste of good workability for the shaping process. Some techniques were used to get the mineralogical characteristics such as differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction technique. Experiments of particle size analysis, grain specific mass and Atterberg’s limit were done for the preburning physical characterization. The technological properties were also estimated before and after burning the clay in three different temperatures: 950° C, 1.150° C and 1.350° C. The properties estimated were: apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, linear shrinkage, roughness and flexural strength (3 points) The light colored clay reached better results in most of the experiences compared to the results obtained from the dark one and the respective mixtures. There were not expressive variations regarding these mixtures. It was observed that the burning temperature had a strong influence over the final properties, especially at 1.350°C. Both types of clay and their respective mixtures get through a “cure” process or “soting” in the ceramists workshop. The samples of clay analyzed in this experience were obtained from the mine without the previous treatment used by the ceramists. The “cure” process can alter the clay properties.
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Palavras-chave
Ceramica, Argila, Artistic ceramic, Clay
Como citar
RANIERI, Maria Gabriela Araújo. Caracterização tecnológica das argilas da cidade de Cunha para fins de cerâmica artística. 2007. 104 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2007.