Alívio de tensões residuais em juntas soldadas de caixa espiral de turbina hidraúlica
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Data
2005-08
Autores
Silva, Benedito Márcio da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A construção de uma turbina hidráulica consiste, em linhas gerais, de montagem por solda dos vários componentes da estrutura. As tensões residuais em junta soldada são de natureza complexa envolvendo fenômenos mecânicos e metalúrgicos. Vias de regra, essas tensões são aliviadas e, no caso particular de caixa espiral de turbina hidráulica, geralmente são feitos por processo mecânico (pressão hidrostática), não havendo inspeção para controlar o alívio total ou parcial das tensões. Nesta pesquisa foram analisadas as tensões existentes nas soldas de uma caixa espiral, que é à parte da turbina fabricada de chapas de aço carbono calandradas e soldadas, onde o alívio destas tensões residuais procedeu-se pelo processo mecânico. Foram feitas inspeções por medidas de tensões residuais através do método de difração de raios-X. Os resultados mostraram um comportamento não uniforme da distribuição de tensões, e em algumas soldas, houve reversão dos estados de tensões. Portanto, o alívio de tensões produzido pelo ensaio mecânico proposto (pressão hidrostática) mostrou que é possível alterar o estado de tensão das soldas para que sejam aliviadas a níveis admissíveis.
The construction of a hydraulic turbine consists, in general lines, of assembly for it welds of the several components of the structure. The residual stresses in the welded joints are of complex nature involving mechanical and metallurgists phenomena. Rule roads, those stresses are relived and, in the case peculiar of hydraulic turbine, they are generally done by mechanical process (hydrostatic pressure), not having inspection to control of total or partial relief of the stresses. In this research were analyses the residual stresses in the welds joints of spiral case, that is to the part of the manufactured turbine of carbon steel plates, cut, calendared and welded, and the stresses relief was proceeded by the mechanical process. They were made inspections by measures of residual stresses by X-ray diffraction method. The results showed a behavior non-uniform of the stresses distributions, and in some welds, there were a reversion of the stresses states. Therefore, the relief of stresses produced by the proposed mechanical test (hydrostatic pressure) it showed that is possible to alter the stresses state of the welds so that they are relieved at acceptable levels.
The construction of a hydraulic turbine consists, in general lines, of assembly for it welds of the several components of the structure. The residual stresses in the welded joints are of complex nature involving mechanical and metallurgists phenomena. Rule roads, those stresses are relived and, in the case peculiar of hydraulic turbine, they are generally done by mechanical process (hydrostatic pressure), not having inspection to control of total or partial relief of the stresses. In this research were analyses the residual stresses in the welds joints of spiral case, that is to the part of the manufactured turbine of carbon steel plates, cut, calendared and welded, and the stresses relief was proceeded by the mechanical process. They were made inspections by measures of residual stresses by X-ray diffraction method. The results showed a behavior non-uniform of the stresses distributions, and in some welds, there were a reversion of the stresses states. Therefore, the relief of stresses produced by the proposed mechanical test (hydrostatic pressure) it showed that is possible to alter the stresses state of the welds so that they are relieved at acceptable levels.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tensões residuais, Alívio de tensões, Difração de raios-X, Residual stress, Stress relief, X-ray diffraction
Como citar
SILVA, Benedito Márcio da. Alívio de tensões residuais em juntas soldadas de caixa espiral de turbina hidraúlica. 2005. 132 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2005.