Biologia de Acromyrmex balzani Emery, 1890 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
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Data
2010-09-02
Autores
Caldato, Nádia [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A biologia das espécies e subespécies de Acromyrmex foi até então pouco estudada. A espécie Acromyrmex balzani é uma típica formiga cortadeira de gramíneas e é encontrada em alta densidade em pastagens. Apesar de sua importância como praga, estudos sobre sua biologia e comportamento ainda são escassos. Com o intuito de se estudar a biologia de A. balzani (Emery, 1890), foram realizados experimentos que abordaram vários aspectos biológicos, como: arquitetura externa e interna dos ninhos, tamanho populacional, número de castas físicas e polidomia. A arquitetura externa e interna dos ninhos é muito simples. São pouco profundos e apresentam poucas câmaras. O formato das câmaras e túneis é irregular, e em alguns ninhos foram encontradas apenas uma câmara. Não possuem câmaras com lixo, sendo o mesmo depositado externamente. A deposição de terra solta aparente ocorre nas épocas mais quentes do ano. Os resultados do experimento relacionado ao tamanho dos ninhos indicaram que a população desta espécie cresce à medida que aumenta o volume do fungo e demonstraram que as operárias pequenas foram as mais predominantes e as grandes representaram a porção intermediária. Em relação à morfometria das operárias, apesar de existirem variações de alguns parâmetros, os dados sugerem o agrupamento de três subcastas (pequenas, médias e grandes). A hipótese da ocorrência de polidomia nos ninhos foi provada, porque o que determina tal condição é que as colônias devem ser divididas em subninhos e isso ocorre em A. balzani. Foi constatado que as colônias podem apresentar apenas um subninho ou vários subninhos. No presente trabalho foram encontrados até 8 subninhos por colônia e a maioria dos ninhos escavados eram polidômicos. Entre os subninhos de cada colônia, não existem ligações internas por canais. A comunicação é feita externamente, ou seja, as operárias...
Acromyrmex balzani (Emery 1890) is a typical grass-cutting ant extremely abundant and easily found in Brazilian grasslands. Despite the pest status, there is a lack of studies involving its biology and behavior. Aiming better understand the species biology, experiments involving some biological aspects like: external and internal nest architecture, population size, physical caste organization, and polydomism were developed. i) Architecture: external and internal nest architecture is relatively simple if compared with some members of the tribe Attini. Nests are not so deep and composed for just few chambers. Tunnels and chambers have an irregular shape and in some nests just a single chamber occurs. There is no dump chamber since the exhausted substrate is disposed outside the nest and loose soil deposits occur during warmer periods of the year. ii) Population size: results indicate that the greater the mass of the fungus grown by the ants the higher the population and those small workers are more abundant than larger ones. iii) Physical caste: about morphometric standards, data suggests the occurrence of three sub-castes (small, medium and large workers) despite variations do exist. iv) Polydomism: the occurrence of polydomism is characterized by the co-occurrence of sub-nests, condition herein confirmed. Colonies could consist of one or more sub-nests. At this present work most of them were polydomics with a maximum of 8 sub-nests per colony and no internal tunnels connecting these structures were found. Connections are extern and workers displacing among sub-nests by using the foraging hole. One single queen was found at each colony it belonging to a single sub-nest
Acromyrmex balzani (Emery 1890) is a typical grass-cutting ant extremely abundant and easily found in Brazilian grasslands. Despite the pest status, there is a lack of studies involving its biology and behavior. Aiming better understand the species biology, experiments involving some biological aspects like: external and internal nest architecture, population size, physical caste organization, and polydomism were developed. i) Architecture: external and internal nest architecture is relatively simple if compared with some members of the tribe Attini. Nests are not so deep and composed for just few chambers. Tunnels and chambers have an irregular shape and in some nests just a single chamber occurs. There is no dump chamber since the exhausted substrate is disposed outside the nest and loose soil deposits occur during warmer periods of the year. ii) Population size: results indicate that the greater the mass of the fungus grown by the ants the higher the population and those small workers are more abundant than larger ones. iii) Physical caste: about morphometric standards, data suggests the occurrence of three sub-castes (small, medium and large workers) despite variations do exist. iv) Polydomism: the occurrence of polydomism is characterized by the co-occurrence of sub-nests, condition herein confirmed. Colonies could consist of one or more sub-nests. At this present work most of them were polydomics with a maximum of 8 sub-nests per colony and no internal tunnels connecting these structures were found. Connections are extern and workers displacing among sub-nests by using the foraging hole. One single queen was found at each colony it belonging to a single sub-nest
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Formigas cortadeira, Gramíneas, Acromyrmex, Biology, Leaf-cutting-ants, Polydomy
Como citar
CALDATO, Nádia. Biologia de Acromyrmex balzani Emery, 1890 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). 2010. iv, 100 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2010.