Comparação da ocorrência de insetos na cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivado nos sistemas orgânico e convencional
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Data
2003-08
Autores
Romano, Fabrizio Carbone [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o objetivo de comparar a ocorrência de insetos relacionados à cultura do feijão cultivado no sistema orgânico e convencional, duas áreas de latossolo vermelho-amarelo, medindo 60x20m com 12000 plantas, foram cultivadas na Fazenda Experimental das Faculdades Integradas Cantareira, Mairiporã – SP, na época das águas e da seca. As comparações foram feitas através da geoestatística, dos índices faunísticos e do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. As áreas de cultivo orgânico receberam calagem, termofosfato, e adubação verde, (Avena strigosa e Lupinus albus, para a semeadura das águas e Cajanus cajan e Pennisetum glaucum para a semeadura da seca), semeada aos 150 dias, antes do plantio do feijão, incorporada ao solo na fase de florescimento, aos 120 dias. As áreas de cultivo convencional receberam calcário, herbicida pré-emergente, adubo na formulação 4-30-10, enxofre, boro granulado e adubação de cobertura com sulfato de amônio. Ambas as áreas foram conduzidas com capinas manuais, sem controle de pragas e doenças. Aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após a emergência das plântulas, foram avaliados o desenvolvimento vegetativo e a ocorrência de insetos; aos 30 e 45 dias o número de flores; aos 45 o de vagens; na colheita aos 90 dias, a matéria verde, o numero de grãos por planta e a produtividade. As avaliações foram feitas examinando-se uma planta de feijão em cada ponto de amostragem, demarcado através de grades amostrais, composta de 70 pontos espaçados de 4 x 3 m. Concluiu-se que 1. Os métodos estatísticos adotados possibilitam a comparação entre os sistemas de cultivo e épocas de semeadura; 2. Tanto o sistema de cultivo como a época de semeadura e o estágio de desenvolvimento das plantas interferem de maneira marcante na distribuição espacial e temporal dos insetos; 3. O feijão cultivado no sistema convencional... .
Aiming to compare the occurrence of insect species associated to bean crops in organic and conventional systems, two plots with 60m x 20m and 12,000 plants were established at the Experimental Farm of Faculdades Integradas Cantareira, Mairiporã – São Paulo, during the water and dry seasons. To the comparisons, geostatistic, faunistic index and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. The organic plots received calcareous term-phosphate and green fertilization (Avena strigosa and Lupinus albus to the water sowing and Cajanus cajan and Pennisetum glaucum to the dry sowing) 150 days before the bean sowing at the blooming time (about 120 days). The conventional plots received calcareous, herbicide before emergence, fertilization with 4-30-10 formulation, sulphur granulated boro and sulfate of ammonia. Both organic and conventional plots did not receive any pest or disease control but they had the weeds handily removed. At 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence, the vegetative development and the insect occurrence were evaluated; at 30 and 45 days the number of flowers; at 45 days the number of pods and, at the harvest time, 90 days, the green matter, the number of grain per plant and the yield productivity. The evaluations consisted in the examination of an only bean plant in each sampling point established by sampling grid composed by 70 points, distant 4m x 3m. It can be concluded that: 1- the adopted statistic methods can establish comparisons between the crop systems and sowing seasons; 2- the crop system, the sowing system as well as the fenological stage of plants can markedly interfere in the spatial and time distribution of insects; 3- during the water season, the conventional system showed larger number of insects from a few number of species and during the dry season, was the opposite; 4- the organic bean showed higher damage level caused by... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Aiming to compare the occurrence of insect species associated to bean crops in organic and conventional systems, two plots with 60m x 20m and 12,000 plants were established at the Experimental Farm of Faculdades Integradas Cantareira, Mairiporã – São Paulo, during the water and dry seasons. To the comparisons, geostatistic, faunistic index and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. The organic plots received calcareous term-phosphate and green fertilization (Avena strigosa and Lupinus albus to the water sowing and Cajanus cajan and Pennisetum glaucum to the dry sowing) 150 days before the bean sowing at the blooming time (about 120 days). The conventional plots received calcareous, herbicide before emergence, fertilization with 4-30-10 formulation, sulphur granulated boro and sulfate of ammonia. Both organic and conventional plots did not receive any pest or disease control but they had the weeds handily removed. At 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence, the vegetative development and the insect occurrence were evaluated; at 30 and 45 days the number of flowers; at 45 days the number of pods and, at the harvest time, 90 days, the green matter, the number of grain per plant and the yield productivity. The evaluations consisted in the examination of an only bean plant in each sampling point established by sampling grid composed by 70 points, distant 4m x 3m. It can be concluded that: 1- the adopted statistic methods can establish comparisons between the crop systems and sowing seasons; 2- the crop system, the sowing system as well as the fenological stage of plants can markedly interfere in the spatial and time distribution of insects; 3- during the water season, the conventional system showed larger number of insects from a few number of species and during the dry season, was the opposite; 4- the organic bean showed higher damage level caused by... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Inseto, Feijão - Cultivo, Semeadura, Geoestatística, Cultivo orgânico, Cultivo convencional
Como citar
ROMANO, Fabrizio Carbone. Comparação da ocorrência de insetos na cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivado nos sistemas orgânico e convencional. 2003. xi, 73 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2003.