Caracterização de impacto ambiental no solo em um aterro de pequeno porte
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Data
2012-08-27
Autores
Bellezoni, Rodrigo Augusto [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A disposição de resíduos sólidos no solo gera frequentes preocupações ambientais, sociais e de saúde pública. Os aterros sanitários de pequeno porte são uma alternativa sugerida por órgãos ambientais no Estado de SP para que pequenos municípios possam destinar seus resíduos de forma ambientalmente segura, a custos reduzidos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar, sob a análise de aspectos físicos e geofísicos, se este mecanismo possui capacidade em conter os líquidos percolados das colunas de resíduos, evitando riscos de contaminação no solo e águas subterrâneas. Para tanto, características físicas da área de influência do aterro foram determinadas com auxílio de mapas, assim como as características físicas foram determinadas através de ensaios padrão. O método da Eletrorresistividade foi empregado para caracterizar o solo em subsuperfície e estimar sua capacidade na atenuação de contaminantes. Os resultados mostraram o potencial de aplicação deste método, através da relação entre elevada carga iônica e baixa resistividade elétrica, definindo com clareza o limite das plumas de contaminantes. O chorume ocorre em grande parte das valas mais recentes, devido à etapa de decomposição. Valas antigas apresentaram tendência de aumento na resistividade, significando queda na geração de chorume, concomitante ao aumento do tempo de resistividade dos resíduos. Assim, a zona de influência dos resíduos limitou-se à 20 m da área de disposição no plano horizontal e até 8,5 em profundidade. As propriedades físico-químicas do solo argiloso local influenciaram o comportamento da pluma de contaminantes, visto a redução destas ao longo do tempo. Destacam-se o mineral de argila e a granulometria como os possíveis principais responsáveis pela atenuação natural dos contaminantes. Em alguns...
The disposal of solid waste in the soil often creates environmental, social and public health concerns. Small landfills are an alternative suggestion by environmental agencies in the State of São Paulo so small cities direct their waste in an environmentally safe manner, at costs. This research is aimed to evaluate, under the analysis of physical and geophysical concepts, if this mechanism has the capacity to contain lanchated liquid from the columns of waste, avoiding risks of contamination in soil and groundwater. Thus, physical characteristics of landfill catchment area were determined with the aid of maps, as well as the physical characteristics of the local soil were determined by standard assays. The Electrical Resistivity method was employed to characterize the subsoil and to estimate its ability to attenuate contaminants. The results showed the potential application of this method through the relationship between hhigh ionic charge and low resistivity, defining clearly the limits of contaminant plumes. Leachate occurs largely in the more recent dithes, due to the decomposition phase. Older ditches tended to increase in resistivity; it means decrease of leachate generation, as well the increase of waste time residence. Thus, the waste influence zone was limited to 10 m of the disposal area in the horizontal plane and up to 8.5 m in depth. The physicochemical properties of the clay soil spot have influenced the contaminants plume behavior, to reduce it along the time. Emphasizing this are the clay mineral and grain size held as possible primary accountable for natural attenuation of contaminants. At some ponts, it is estimated that the layer of unsaturated soil under the ditches be less that one meter, it does not comply the criteria for exemption of additional waterproofing, established in NBR 15.849:2010 Municipal solid waste... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The disposal of solid waste in the soil often creates environmental, social and public health concerns. Small landfills are an alternative suggestion by environmental agencies in the State of São Paulo so small cities direct their waste in an environmentally safe manner, at costs. This research is aimed to evaluate, under the analysis of physical and geophysical concepts, if this mechanism has the capacity to contain lanchated liquid from the columns of waste, avoiding risks of contamination in soil and groundwater. Thus, physical characteristics of landfill catchment area were determined with the aid of maps, as well as the physical characteristics of the local soil were determined by standard assays. The Electrical Resistivity method was employed to characterize the subsoil and to estimate its ability to attenuate contaminants. The results showed the potential application of this method through the relationship between hhigh ionic charge and low resistivity, defining clearly the limits of contaminant plumes. Leachate occurs largely in the more recent dithes, due to the decomposition phase. Older ditches tended to increase in resistivity; it means decrease of leachate generation, as well the increase of waste time residence. Thus, the waste influence zone was limited to 10 m of the disposal area in the horizontal plane and up to 8.5 m in depth. The physicochemical properties of the clay soil spot have influenced the contaminants plume behavior, to reduce it along the time. Emphasizing this are the clay mineral and grain size held as possible primary accountable for natural attenuation of contaminants. At some ponts, it is estimated that the layer of unsaturated soil under the ditches be less that one meter, it does not comply the criteria for exemption of additional waterproofing, established in NBR 15.849:2010 Municipal solid waste... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resíduos sólidos, Limpeza urbana, Aterro sanitário, Solos - Poluição, Normas técnicas (Engenharia), Factory and trade waste, Street cleaning, Sanitary landfills, Soil pollution, Standards, Engineering, Mestre
Como citar
BELLEZONI, Rodrigo Augusto. Caracterização de impacto ambiental no solo em um aterro de pequeno porte. 2012. 81 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2012.