Aplicação do processo eletrolítico no tratamento de efluentes de uma indústria de recuperação de filmes plásticos pós-consumo
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Data
2014-02-03
Autores
Orsi, Maria do Carmo Vara Lopes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A água é componente fundamental para o processo de preparação da matéria prima para a reciclagem de plástico pós-consumo, pois participa como elemento de remoção de detritos e impurezas que contaminam a matriz da matéria-prima utilizada, principalmente quando proveniente da catação em lixões ou separados por meio das coletas seletivas, e cooperativas de reciclagem. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar a eletrólise como tratamento alternativo de efluentes de processos de lavagem de plásticos pós-consumo. Foi verificado o volume de plásticos encaminhados para a reciclagem com a interferência da massa de sólidos oriundos do manancial que serve como fonte de abastecimento, bem como a quantidade real de filmes plásticos mensurados em sistema controlado de bancada, avaliando o percentual de contribuição de cada grupo em relação a massa total mensurada no efluente bruto. Através de características físico-químicas, foram identificadas alterações de qualidade substâncias potencialmente prejudiciais, com destaque para os aspectos legais vegentes. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com eletrodos de alumínio, aplicando 6 A, 7V, 12 eletrodos por 25 minutos. Após a aplicação da eletrólise como tratamento, ocorreu uma significativa diminuição do caráter poluente com expressiva remoção de sólidos, em especial, de sólidos dissolvidos e materiais orgânicos. Dos 23 parâmetros analisados, apenas dois (teor de aluminio e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio - DBO) não se enquadraram a legislação, apesar da redução de 70% no alumínio e de mais de 50% na SBO. O selênio e o sódio mantiveram constantes. O mercúrio, óleos e graxas, a temperatura e o pH sofreram reduções inferiores a 30% e o cadmio foi reduzido em aproximadamente 50%. Quatro indicadores ficaram com reduções entre 70 e 80% sendo o arsênio, o bário e os sólidos sedimentáveis. Todos os outros parâmetros foram reduzidos em mais de 90%...
The water is the central component for the raw material preparation process for recycling process after consumption because participates as element of dendrites and impurities removal that contaminate the raw material matrix used, primarly when it comes of trash collecting or separate through selective waste collection and recycling companies. The present work has as objective to test the electrolysis as alternative treatment of effluents from washing process post-consumer plastics. Was verify the plastic volume routed for recycling with the interference with the mass of solids coming from the source that servers as source of supply as well as the real quality of plastic film measurement in bench controlled system, evalluating the percentage of contribution of each group in relation of total mass measured in raw wastewater. Through characteristic physic-chemical were identify changes in quality and substances potentially harmfull especially for the legal aspects force. The best results were obtain with aluminum electrodes applying 6 A, 7 V, 12 electrodes for 25 minuttes. After application of electrolysis treatment there was a significant degrease of pollutant with expressive removal of solids, in special of dissolved solids and organic material. Of the 23 parameters analyzed, only two (aluminum content and Biochemical oxygen demand - B.O.D) didn't fall in legislation, despite the reduction of 70% in aluminum and more than 50% in B.O.D. Selenium and sodium remainded constant. Mercury, oils and greases, temperature and pH suffered smaller reductions of 30% and Cadmus was reduced about 50%. Four indicators were with prospective reductions of between 70% and 80% being arsenic, barium and sedimentary solids. All the others parameters were reduced more than 90% being in special the metals. Thus, the electrolysis is characterized as an possibility alternative or complementary to others system o treatment for small entreprises of plastic film...
The water is the central component for the raw material preparation process for recycling process after consumption because participates as element of dendrites and impurities removal that contaminate the raw material matrix used, primarly when it comes of trash collecting or separate through selective waste collection and recycling companies. The present work has as objective to test the electrolysis as alternative treatment of effluents from washing process post-consumer plastics. Was verify the plastic volume routed for recycling with the interference with the mass of solids coming from the source that servers as source of supply as well as the real quality of plastic film measurement in bench controlled system, evalluating the percentage of contribution of each group in relation of total mass measured in raw wastewater. Through characteristic physic-chemical were identify changes in quality and substances potentially harmfull especially for the legal aspects force. The best results were obtain with aluminum electrodes applying 6 A, 7 V, 12 electrodes for 25 minuttes. After application of electrolysis treatment there was a significant degrease of pollutant with expressive removal of solids, in special of dissolved solids and organic material. Of the 23 parameters analyzed, only two (aluminum content and Biochemical oxygen demand - B.O.D) didn't fall in legislation, despite the reduction of 70% in aluminum and more than 50% in B.O.D. Selenium and sodium remainded constant. Mercury, oils and greases, temperature and pH suffered smaller reductions of 30% and Cadmus was reduced about 50%. Four indicators were with prospective reductions of between 70% and 80% being arsenic, barium and sedimentary solids. All the others parameters were reduced more than 90% being in special the metals. Thus, the electrolysis is characterized as an possibility alternative or complementary to others system o treatment for small entreprises of plastic film...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Efluente - Qualidade, Filmes plasticos, Plasticos - Reaproveitamento, Eletrolise
Como citar
ORSI, Maria do Carmo Vara Lopes. Aplicação do processo eletrolítico no tratamento de efluentes de uma indústria de recuperação de filmes plásticos pós-consumo. 2014. 127 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2014.