Épocas de aplicação de dessecantes na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill): teor de água, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes
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Data
2008-09-05
Autores
Malaspina, Igor Cruz [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os herbicidas glifosato e paraquat vêm sendo utilizados por produtores de soja, visando à dessecação da cultura. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização destes herbicidas, aplicados em diferentes estádios reprodutivos, como dessecantes para a cultura da soja. Para tanto, um experimento foi desenvolvido no ano agrícola 2005/06, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2x3x3, ou seja, duas cultivares, a MG/BR 46 (Conquista), de ciclo médio e a MSOY 6101, de ciclo precoce, dois herbicidas dessecantes (paraquat e o glifosato) e uma testemunha (sem aplicação de dessecante) e três épocas de aplicação (estádios R6, R7 e R8). Cada parcela experimental constou de dez linhas de 15 m de comprimento, espaçadas de 0,45 m, perfazendo 67,5 m2. A produção de sementes, massa de 100 sementes, teor de água (antes das aplicações dos dessecantes e aos 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias após) e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes, no ápice e na base da planta, foram avaliadas. Diante dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que os dessecantes são eficientes na redução do teor de água das sementes quando comparados à testemunha, sendo o paraquat mais eficiente que o glifosato; não há efeito da aplicação dos dessecantes quanto à produtividade e massa de 100 sementes; a aplicação dos dessecantes influencia, de forma semelhante, o teor de água e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes nas duas partes da planta avaliadas (ápice e base); o glifosato influencia negativamente a qualidade fisiológica de sementes, principalmente, quando avaliada por meio do teste de comprimento de radícula; o paraquat não altera a qualidade fisiológica das sementes; as sementes obtidas com aplicação de dessecantes no estádio R6 são de qualidade fisiológica inferior às obtidas com aplicação nos estádios R7 e R8.
The herbicides glyphosate and paraquat have been used by Brazilian soybean productors to obtain crop desiccation. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the herbicides glyphosate and paraquat as desiccants for the soybean crop. An experiment was conducted in the 2005/06 agricultural season and the experimental design was a randomized block with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2x3x3, using two varieties, MG/BR 46 (Conquista), a mid-cycle one, and MSOY 6101, an early-cycle one, two desiccant herbicides (paraquat and glyphosate), a control (without the desiccant application) and three seasons of application (stage R6, R7 and R8). Each one of the experimental area consisted of 10 lines 15 m long, spaced by 0.45 m, comprising an area of 67,5 m2. It was evaluated the seed production, mass of 100 seeds, water content (before the desiccant applications and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after that) from the apex and base of the plant as well as the physiologic quality of seeds. The results obtained made possible to conclude that the desiccants were effective in reducing the water content of seeds when compared to control, paraquat being the more effective one. There was no effect of desiccant applications related to soybean productivity and mass of 100 seeds. Desiccate application influences in a similar form the content of water and the physiologic quality of the seeds in different parts of the plants evaluated (apex and base). Glyphosate influences negatively in the physiological quality of seeds, mainly when evaluated through the test of root length. Paraquat do not modify the physiologic quality of the seeds. Seeds obtained with desiccants application in R6 stage showed lower physiologic quality compared to those obtained with application in the R7 and R8 stage.
The herbicides glyphosate and paraquat have been used by Brazilian soybean productors to obtain crop desiccation. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the herbicides glyphosate and paraquat as desiccants for the soybean crop. An experiment was conducted in the 2005/06 agricultural season and the experimental design was a randomized block with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2x3x3, using two varieties, MG/BR 46 (Conquista), a mid-cycle one, and MSOY 6101, an early-cycle one, two desiccant herbicides (paraquat and glyphosate), a control (without the desiccant application) and three seasons of application (stage R6, R7 and R8). Each one of the experimental area consisted of 10 lines 15 m long, spaced by 0.45 m, comprising an area of 67,5 m2. It was evaluated the seed production, mass of 100 seeds, water content (before the desiccant applications and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after that) from the apex and base of the plant as well as the physiologic quality of seeds. The results obtained made possible to conclude that the desiccants were effective in reducing the water content of seeds when compared to control, paraquat being the more effective one. There was no effect of desiccant applications related to soybean productivity and mass of 100 seeds. Desiccate application influences in a similar form the content of water and the physiologic quality of the seeds in different parts of the plants evaluated (apex and base). Glyphosate influences negatively in the physiological quality of seeds, mainly when evaluated through the test of root length. Paraquat do not modify the physiologic quality of the seeds. Seeds obtained with desiccants application in R6 stage showed lower physiologic quality compared to those obtained with application in the R7 and R8 stage.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soja – Colheita, Umidade, Paraquat, Soja – Dessecação, Glifosato, Harvest, Desiccation, Humidity, Glyphosate, Paraquat
Como citar
MALASPINA, Igor Cruz. Épocas de aplicação de dessecantes na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill): teor de água, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes. 2008. 47 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2008.