Desenvolvimento industrial sustentável aplicado ao processo de retificação de alumina usando conceitos para mitigação do efeito estufa
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Data
2023-01-27
Autores
Domingues, Bruno Biondo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização de cerâmicas avançadas vem constantemente ganhando espaço na indústria moderna. Suas características, que possibilitam a obtenção de um material resistente, inerte e durável fazem com que sejam materiais de desejo nos processos de construção mecânica automobilística, aeroespacial, de equipamentos laboratoriais e biomédicos. O processo de retificação naturalmente complexo devido ao grande número de variáveis e seus controles, se torna ainda mais rigoroso ao usar materiais com as características de cerâmicas avançadas. Uma consequência do processo em si é a facilidade do mecanismo de retificação em gerar calor e essa geração de calor em excesso na peça e na ferramenta torna como requisito o emprego de um método de lubrirrefrigeração para obtenção de bons resultados. Em contrapartida ao método de lubrirrefrigeração convencional desenvolveu-se a técnica de mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL), visando diminuir a quantidade óleos empregados no processo, diminuindo também o custo agregado e o impacto sobre o meio ambiente sem perder por completo a qualidade nas peças produzidas. Portanto, vislumbrou-se a necessidade de compreender os efeitos da técnica de MQL na produção de peças de cerâmicas avançadas. Deste modo, a rugosidade média aritmética, o desvio de circularidade, o desgaste diametral do rebolo, o sinal de emissão acústica, a potência elétrica do motor, o custo agregado por peça fabricada e a quantidade de poluentes emitidas por peça fabricada foram os parâmetros selecionados para avaliar o impacto da utilização do método de MQL na indústria. Comparou-se o método de MQL ao método convencional, variando a diluição da mistura de óleo e ar comprimido em água MQL Puro (100% fluido de corte), MQL 50% (50% de água na mistura), MQL 25% (75% de água na mistura) e MQL 15% (85% de água na mistura). Ao fim, observou-se que o emprego do método MQL se apresentou como uma solução viável ao método convencional, gerando menor emissão de poluentes a um menor custo de fabricação, mantendo parte das qualidades superficiais esperadas ao final do processo.
The use of advanced ceramics is constantly gaining ground in modern industry. Their characteristics, which make it possible to obtain a resistant, inert and durable material, make them desirable materials in automotive, aerospace, laboratory and biomedical mechanical construction processes. The naturally complex grinding process, due to the large number of variables and their controls, becomes even more rigorous when using materials with the characteristics of advanced ceramics. A consequence of the process itself is the ease of the grinding mechanism to generate heat. And its excessiveness in the workpiece and grinding wheel makes the use of a lubrication-cooling method a requirement to obtain good results. In contrast to the conventional lubrication-cooling method, the technique of minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) was developed, aiming to reduce the amount of oil used in the process, also reducing the added cost and the environmental impact without completely losing the quality of the final product. Therefore, there was a need to understand the effects of the MQL technique in the production of advanced ceramic pieces. In this way, the arithmetic average roughness, the roundness deviation, the diametric wear of the grinding wheel, the acoustic emission signal, the electrical power, the added cost per manufactured part and the amount of pollutants emitted per manufactured parts were the selected parameters to assess the impact of using the MQL method in the industry. The MQL method was compared to the conventional method, varying the dilution of the mixture of oil and compressed air in water MQL Pure (100% cutting fluid), MQL 50% (50% water in the mixture), MQL 25% (75 % water in mixture) and MQL 15% (85% water in mixture). In the end, it was observed that the use of the MQL method presented itself as a viable solution to the conventional method, generating lower pollutant emissions at a lower manufacturing cost, maintaining part of the expected surface qualities at the end of the process.
The use of advanced ceramics is constantly gaining ground in modern industry. Their characteristics, which make it possible to obtain a resistant, inert and durable material, make them desirable materials in automotive, aerospace, laboratory and biomedical mechanical construction processes. The naturally complex grinding process, due to the large number of variables and their controls, becomes even more rigorous when using materials with the characteristics of advanced ceramics. A consequence of the process itself is the ease of the grinding mechanism to generate heat. And its excessiveness in the workpiece and grinding wheel makes the use of a lubrication-cooling method a requirement to obtain good results. In contrast to the conventional lubrication-cooling method, the technique of minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) was developed, aiming to reduce the amount of oil used in the process, also reducing the added cost and the environmental impact without completely losing the quality of the final product. Therefore, there was a need to understand the effects of the MQL technique in the production of advanced ceramic pieces. In this way, the arithmetic average roughness, the roundness deviation, the diametric wear of the grinding wheel, the acoustic emission signal, the electrical power, the added cost per manufactured part and the amount of pollutants emitted per manufactured parts were the selected parameters to assess the impact of using the MQL method in the industry. The MQL method was compared to the conventional method, varying the dilution of the mixture of oil and compressed air in water MQL Pure (100% cutting fluid), MQL 50% (50% water in the mixture), MQL 25% (75 % water in mixture) and MQL 15% (85% water in mixture). In the end, it was observed that the use of the MQL method presented itself as a viable solution to the conventional method, generating lower pollutant emissions at a lower manufacturing cost, maintaining part of the expected surface qualities at the end of the process.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Retificação, Cerâmicas Avançadas, MQL, Poluição, Grinding, Advanced ceramics, Pollution