Análise comparativa dos efeitos do biopesticida azadiractina e do inseticida sintético piriproxifem nos testículos de Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás, 1911) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Uma abordagem morfológica, ultraestrutural e molecular
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2021-06-29
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Insetos da família Chrysopidae são inimigos naturais utilizados no controle biológico, sendo uma importante ferramenta na agricultura orgânica e no manejo integrado de pragas. Além do controle biológico utilizando esses insetos, o uso de inseticidas naturais vem ganhando grande destaque, pois são menos prejudiciais ao homem e ao ambiente. Entretanto, o uso de inseticidas sintéticos ainda é muito alto e acaba interferindo no ciclo de vida dos inimigos naturais, e consequentemente, no controle biológico de pragas. Com o propósito de avaliar o efeito da azadiractina e piriproxifem sobre os testículos do crisopídeo Ceraeochrysa claveri, insetos foram expostos a esses compostos nas concentrações 12 e 36mg i.a./L para a azadiractina (formulação comercial Azamax®), e 50 e 100mg i.a./L para o piriproxifem (formulação comercial Tiger 100 EC®). Os testículos de adultos foram avaliados através de técnicas morfológicas e análise do transcriptoma, além da avaliação do ciclo de vida dos insetos, fecundidade e fertilidade. Os resultados mostraram que os dois inseticidas causaram poucas alterações morfológicas nos testículos, como espaçamento entre os cistos, e alterações na túnica que o recobre. Os grupos tratados não apresentaram alterações nas marcações dos filamentos de actina e microtúbulos, bem como nas análises estatísticas, onde houve apenas redução da fecundidade, mas mantendo a viabilidade dos indivíduos gerados. Já a análise do transcriptoma apontou diferença na expressão dos genes de nucleoporinas, proteínas ribossomais e dedo de zinco, podendo estar relacionadas ao processo de espermatogênese e fecundidade dos insetos. Esses resultados nos mostram que os dois inseticidas podem ser adequados para uso em programas de manejo que visam conservar e aumentar a população de inimigos naturais, entretanto a compatibilidade em campo desses inseticidas com C. claveri deve ser avaliada.
Insects of the Chrysopidae family are natural enemies used in biological control, being an important tool in organic agriculture and in integrated pest management. In addition to the biological control using these insects, the use of natural insecticides has gained great prominence, as they are less harmful to man and the environment. However, the use of synthetic insecticides is still very high and ends up interfering in the life cycle of natural enemies, and consequently, in the biological control of pests. In order to evaluate the effect of azadirachtin and pyriproxyfen on the testes of the chrysopid Ceraeochrysa claveri, insects were exposed to these compounds in concentrations 12 and 36mg ia / L for azadirachtin (commercial formulation Azamax®), and 50 and 100mg ia / L for pyriproxyfen (commercial formulation Tiger 100 EC®). Adult testes were evaluated using morphological techniques and transcriptome analysis, in addition to assessing the life cycle of insects, fecundity and fertility. The results showed that the two insecticides caused few morphological changes in the testes, such as spacing between the cysts, and changes in the tunic that covers it. The treated groups showed no changes in the markings of the actin filaments and microtubules, as well as in the statistical analyzes, where there was only a reduction in fecundity, but maintaining the viability of the generated individuals. The analysis of the transcriptome pointed out a difference in the expression of the genes of nucleoporins, ribosomal proteins and zinc finger, which may be related to the process of spermatogenesis and fecundity of insects. These results show us that the two insecticides may be suitable for use in management programs that aim to conserve and increase the population of natural enemies, however the compatibility in the field of these insecticides with C. claveri must be evaluated.
Insects of the Chrysopidae family are natural enemies used in biological control, being an important tool in organic agriculture and in integrated pest management. In addition to the biological control using these insects, the use of natural insecticides has gained great prominence, as they are less harmful to man and the environment. However, the use of synthetic insecticides is still very high and ends up interfering in the life cycle of natural enemies, and consequently, in the biological control of pests. In order to evaluate the effect of azadirachtin and pyriproxyfen on the testes of the chrysopid Ceraeochrysa claveri, insects were exposed to these compounds in concentrations 12 and 36mg ia / L for azadirachtin (commercial formulation Azamax®), and 50 and 100mg ia / L for pyriproxyfen (commercial formulation Tiger 100 EC®). Adult testes were evaluated using morphological techniques and transcriptome analysis, in addition to assessing the life cycle of insects, fecundity and fertility. The results showed that the two insecticides caused few morphological changes in the testes, such as spacing between the cysts, and changes in the tunic that covers it. The treated groups showed no changes in the markings of the actin filaments and microtubules, as well as in the statistical analyzes, where there was only a reduction in fecundity, but maintaining the viability of the generated individuals. The analysis of the transcriptome pointed out a difference in the expression of the genes of nucleoporins, ribosomal proteins and zinc finger, which may be related to the process of spermatogenesis and fecundity of insects. These results show us that the two insecticides may be suitable for use in management programs that aim to conserve and increase the population of natural enemies, however the compatibility in the field of these insecticides with C. claveri must be evaluated.
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Ceraeochrysa claveri, Morfologia, Azadiractina, Piriproxifem, Transcriptoma, Testículos, Morphology, Transcriptome