Viabilidade econômica da cogeração de energia elétrica a partir de biomassa florestal
Data
2023-06-01
Autores
Souza, André Gustavo Oliveira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A indústria de base florestal tem integrado soluções tecnológicas para aproveitamento dos seus resíduos lignocelulósicos. Particularmente, para as indústrias de painéis de madeira são geradas quantidades expressivas de resíduos no recebimento, processamento primário da madeira no pátio e ao longo processo industrial. Ainda hoje, os condicionantes logísticos e de processamento destes resíduos como a densificação em briquetes, além do seu potencial energético para substituição de combustíveis fósseis para geração de energia térmica e elétrica ainda não foram estudados por completo. Assim, este trabalhou investigou a viabilidade técnico-econômica dos resíduos lignocelulósicos de uma indústria de painéis de madeira como fonte alternativa ao uso do gás natural e também para complementar a demanda de cavacos de madeira para a geração de energia. Para isso, foram levantados os indicadores econômicos sob condições de risco pelo método de Monte Carlo para o aproveitamento de resíduos de cascas picadas e aqueles provenientes do processo produtivo de painéis MDF (Medium Density Fiberboar) e MDP (Medium Density Particleboard). Adicionalmente, houve a caracterização das propriedades físicas e químicas dos resíduos a fim de comparar seu desempenho energético com a madeira picada, tradicionalmente utilizada na indústria. Os resíduos lignocelulósicos apresentaram um poder calorifico útil próximo a 15 MJ kg-1, sendo que os briquetes de MDF apresentaram menor teor de cinzas (1,1%) que os demais. Os resultados ainda mostraram que as diferentes rotas tecnológicas estudadas são viáveis economicamente mesmo adotando uma taxa mínima de atratividade de 18% (TMAR) muito acima das taxas de juros praticadas no mercado. Os projetos são afetados por flutuações nos preços de eletricidade, gás natural e sobretudo do preço do cavaco de madeira. Nas condições avaliadas, mais da metade (59,4%) da demanda energética mensal de uma caldeira poderia ser suprida com utilização dos briquetes de cascas e de resíduos do processo produtivo de MDF e MDP. As novas rotas tecnológicas estudadas são alternativas para redução dos resíduos industriais e contribuem para a valorização da biomassa e a sustentabilidade ambiental do setor de florestas plantadas.
The forest-based industry has integrated technological solutions for the use of its lignocellulosic residues. Particularly for the wood panel industries, expressive amounts of waste are generated in the receipt and primary processing of wood in the yard and also throughout the industrial process. Even today, the logistical and processing constraints of these residues, such as densification into briquettes, in addition to their energy potential for replacing fossil fuels for thermal and electrical energy generation, have not yet been fully studied. Thus, this work investigated the technical-economic viability of lignocellulosic residues from a wood panel industry as an alternative source to the use of natural gas and also to complement the demand for wood chips for energy generation. For this, economic indicators under risk conditions were collected using the Monte Carlo method for the use of chopped bark residues and those from the production process of MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) and MDP (Medium Density Particleboard) panels. Additionally, there was the characterization of the physical and chemical properties of the waste in order to compare its energy performance with chopped wood, traditionally used in the industry. The lignocellulosic residues had a useful calorific power close to 15 MJ kg-1 , and the MDF briquettes had a lower ash content (1.1%) than the others. The results also showed that the different technological routes studied are economically viable even adopting a minimum rate of attractiveness of 18% (TMAR) far above the interest rates practiced in the market. Projects are affected by fluctuations in the prices of electricity, natural gas and, above all, the price of wood chips. Under the evaluated conditions, more than half (59.4%) of the monthly energy demand of a boiler could be met using briquettes from bark and waste from the MDF and MDP production process. The new technological routes studied are alternatives for reducing industrial waste and contribute to the valorization of biomass and the environmental sustainability of the planted forest sector.
The forest-based industry has integrated technological solutions for the use of its lignocellulosic residues. Particularly for the wood panel industries, expressive amounts of waste are generated in the receipt and primary processing of wood in the yard and also throughout the industrial process. Even today, the logistical and processing constraints of these residues, such as densification into briquettes, in addition to their energy potential for replacing fossil fuels for thermal and electrical energy generation, have not yet been fully studied. Thus, this work investigated the technical-economic viability of lignocellulosic residues from a wood panel industry as an alternative source to the use of natural gas and also to complement the demand for wood chips for energy generation. For this, economic indicators under risk conditions were collected using the Monte Carlo method for the use of chopped bark residues and those from the production process of MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) and MDP (Medium Density Particleboard) panels. Additionally, there was the characterization of the physical and chemical properties of the waste in order to compare its energy performance with chopped wood, traditionally used in the industry. The lignocellulosic residues had a useful calorific power close to 15 MJ kg-1 , and the MDF briquettes had a lower ash content (1.1%) than the others. The results also showed that the different technological routes studied are economically viable even adopting a minimum rate of attractiveness of 18% (TMAR) far above the interest rates practiced in the market. Projects are affected by fluctuations in the prices of electricity, natural gas and, above all, the price of wood chips. Under the evaluated conditions, more than half (59.4%) of the monthly energy demand of a boiler could be met using briquettes from bark and waste from the MDF and MDP production process. The new technological routes studied are alternatives for reducing industrial waste and contribute to the valorization of biomass and the environmental sustainability of the planted forest sector.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
bioenergia, indústria de painéis de madeira, poder calorífico, método de Monte Carlo, bioenergy, wood panel industry, calorific value, Monte Carlo method