Ansiedade física social e atenção com a forma corporal de indivíduos adultos
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2020-08-25
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Objetivos: i. apresentar a versão em português da Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS), ii. estimar as propriedades psicométricas da ABS e da Escala de Ansiedade Física Social (SPAS) quando aplicadas à indivíduos adultos, iii. estimar a influência de características amostrais na atenção que os indivíduos despendem com a forma do corpo e dessa na ansiedade social devido a aparência física e iv. estimar a correlação entre diferentes componentes da composição corporal e escores de atenção com a forma do corpo e ansiedade social com a aparência física. Métodos: Realizou-se adaptação transcultural e validação de conteúdo da ABS. As propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos aplicados à amostra foram analisadas a partir de análise fatorial confirmatória. As validades convergente e discriminante e a confiabilidade foram investigadas. Utilizou-se análise multigrupos para avaliação da invariância fatorial de cada instrumento entre subamostras independentes. Após ajustamento dos instrumentos à amostra, um modelo estrutural foi elaborado para verificar a influência de características demográficas e do estado nutricional antropométrico na atenção despendida com a forma do corpo e dessa na ansiedade social devido a aparência física. Os escores gerais médios de atenção com a forma do corpo e da ansiedade social devido a aparência física foram estimados. Foi realizado estudo de correlação de Pearson (r) entre os escores e componentes da composição corporal. Resultados: No total, participaram 1.795 indivíduos (amostra feminina=70%) com média de idade de 25,5 (desvio-padrão=6,6) anos. No processo de adaptação transcultural foi apontado que a versão em português da ABS foi bem compreendida pelos participantes. Para ajuste do modelo fatorial da ABS um item foi removido, pois, apresentou baixo peso fatorial. O modelo da ABS ajustou à amostra após exclusão do item. No que se refere a SPAS, o modelo original unifatorial não se ajustou aos dados e, portanto, uma nova estrutura foi explorada o que resultou em modelo bifatorial. Essa apresentou bons indicadores psicométricos. Na análise multigrupos, atestou-se forte invariância dos modelos ajustados dos instrumentos para subamostras independentes. No modelo estrutural, a atenção com a forma do corpo influenciou significativamente a ansiedade social devido a aparência física. Além disso, os indivíduos mais jovens, os participantes do sexo feminino, os que já fizeram uso de substâncias, suplementos alimentares e realizaram dietas para alterar o corpo, os praticantes de exercício físico e os que classificaram a própria alimentação como ruim/regular apresentaram maior atenção com a forma do corpo. Ainda, observou-se correlações significativas entre a composição corporal dos participantes e os componentes da ansiedade social devido a aparência física. Conclusões: Os dados obtidos com a ABS e com a SPAS foram considerados válidos e confiáveis para a amostra de adultos brasileiros. As características demográficas da amostra e o estado nutricional antropométrico tiveram impacto sobre a atenção com a forma do corpo essa influenciou a ansiedade social com a aparência, bem como os componentes da composição corporal. Assim, ressalta-se a importância da avaliação destas características no que se refere à imagem corporal.
i. present the Portuguese version of the Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS), ii. estimate the psychometric properties of ABS and the Social Physical Anxiety Scale (SPAS) when applied to adult individuals, iii. estimate the influence of sample characteristics on the attention that individuals spend on body shape and on body anxiety due to physical appearance and iv. estimate the correlation between different components of body composition and attention scores with body shape and social anxiety with physical appearance. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation and content validation of ABS were carried out. The psychometric properties of the instruments applied to the sample were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and discriminant validities and reliability were investigated. Multigroup analysis was used to assess the factorial invariance of each instrument among independent subsamples. After fit the instruments to the sample, a structural model was developed to verify the influence of demographic characteristics and anthropometric nutritional status on the attention paid to the shape of the body and on social anxiety due to physical appearance. The overall average scores for attention to body shape and social anxiety due to physical appearance were estimated. Pearson's correlation study (r) was performed between scores and components of body composition. Results: In total, 1,795 individuals (female sample = 70%) participated with a mean age of 25.5 (standard deviation = 6.6) years. Cross-cultural adaptation process, it was pointed out that the Portuguese version of ABS was well understood by the participants. To fit the factorial model of ABS, an item was removed because it had low factor weight. The ABS model fit to the sample after excluding the item. With regard to SPAS, the original single-factor model did not fit the data and, therefore, a new structure was explored which resulted in a two-factor model. This presented good psychometric indicators. In the multigroup analysis, there was a strong invariance of the fit models of the instruments for independent subsamples. In the structural model, attention to the shape of the body significantly influenced social anxiety due to physical appearance. In addition, younger individuals, female participants, those who have already used substances, dietary supplements and carried out diets to change the body, those who practice physical exercise and those who classified their own diet as poor / regular presented greater attention to the shape of the body. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the body composition of the participants and the components of social anxiety due to physical appearance. Conclusion: The data obtained with ABS and SPAS were considered valid and reliable for the sample of Brazilian adults. The demographic characteristics of the sample and the anthropometric nutritional status had an impact on attention to body shape, which influenced social anxiety with appearance, as well as the components of body composition. Thus, the importance of evaluating these characteristics in terms of body image is emphasized.
i. present the Portuguese version of the Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS), ii. estimate the psychometric properties of ABS and the Social Physical Anxiety Scale (SPAS) when applied to adult individuals, iii. estimate the influence of sample characteristics on the attention that individuals spend on body shape and on body anxiety due to physical appearance and iv. estimate the correlation between different components of body composition and attention scores with body shape and social anxiety with physical appearance. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation and content validation of ABS were carried out. The psychometric properties of the instruments applied to the sample were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and discriminant validities and reliability were investigated. Multigroup analysis was used to assess the factorial invariance of each instrument among independent subsamples. After fit the instruments to the sample, a structural model was developed to verify the influence of demographic characteristics and anthropometric nutritional status on the attention paid to the shape of the body and on social anxiety due to physical appearance. The overall average scores for attention to body shape and social anxiety due to physical appearance were estimated. Pearson's correlation study (r) was performed between scores and components of body composition. Results: In total, 1,795 individuals (female sample = 70%) participated with a mean age of 25.5 (standard deviation = 6.6) years. Cross-cultural adaptation process, it was pointed out that the Portuguese version of ABS was well understood by the participants. To fit the factorial model of ABS, an item was removed because it had low factor weight. The ABS model fit to the sample after excluding the item. With regard to SPAS, the original single-factor model did not fit the data and, therefore, a new structure was explored which resulted in a two-factor model. This presented good psychometric indicators. In the multigroup analysis, there was a strong invariance of the fit models of the instruments for independent subsamples. In the structural model, attention to the shape of the body significantly influenced social anxiety due to physical appearance. In addition, younger individuals, female participants, those who have already used substances, dietary supplements and carried out diets to change the body, those who practice physical exercise and those who classified their own diet as poor / regular presented greater attention to the shape of the body. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the body composition of the participants and the components of social anxiety due to physical appearance. Conclusion: The data obtained with ABS and SPAS were considered valid and reliable for the sample of Brazilian adults. The demographic characteristics of the sample and the anthropometric nutritional status had an impact on attention to body shape, which influenced social anxiety with appearance, as well as the components of body composition. Thus, the importance of evaluating these characteristics in terms of body image is emphasized.
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Palavras-chave
Imagem Corporal, Atenção, Ansiedade, Composição Corporal, Psicometria, Body Image, Attention, Anxiety, Body Composition, Psychometrics