Comportamento defensivo de Jararacas: uma abordagem ecológica e epidemiológica
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Data
2022-09-05
Autores
Alves-Nunes, João Miguel
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Uma das relações mais importantes entre os seres vivo na natureza é a predação. A partir dela é que surgem os comportamentos defensivos. Essa classe comportamental é diversificada entre os répteis, principalmente entre as serpentes. As adaptações comportamentais para se defender sofrem influência de diversos fatores ambientais e intrínsecos aos animais, tornando-se um meio pelo qual a evolução pode agir. Além disso, estes comportamentos desencadeiam os acidentes causados por serpentes peçonhentas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi entender o comportamento defensivo sob uma perspectiva ecológica e utilizá-lo como ferramenta para compreensão da epidemiologia de acidentes ofídicos. O gênero Bothrops da Família Viperidae é um excelente objeto de pesquisa para este objetivo. Dentro deste grupo, Bothrops jararaca é uma das serpentes de maior representatividade em acidentes ofídicos do país além de pertencer a um complexo de espécies relacionadas. Bothrops insularis e Bothrops alcatraz, são duas espécies endêmicas de ilhas pertencentes ao complexo Bothrops jararaca semelhantes, que possuem ecologias e pressões de predação diferentes em relação a sua espécie irmã do continente. O trabalho foi divido em dois capítulos. O primeiro trata da associação entre fatores bióticos e abióticos no comportamento defensivo e padrões epidemiológicos, utilizando a B. jararaca. O segundo capítulo visa entender como o comportamento defensivo da jararaca continental e as jararacas insulares sofre influência de tipos de estímulos predatórios e quais são os padrões comportamentais exibidos. Com base nisso, foi obtido um estudo do comportamento defensivo abrangente e relevante.
One of the most important relationships between living beings in nature is predation. It is from this defensive behaviors arise from it. This behavioral class is diversified among reptiles, especially snakes. The behavioral adaptations to defend themselves are influenced by several environmental factors and intrinsic to the animals, becoming a means by which evolution can act. Furthermore, these behaviors trigger the accidents caused by venomous snakes. The objective of this work was to understand defensive behavior from an ecological perspective and use it as a tool to understand the epidemiology of ophidian accidents. The genus Bothrops of the family Viperidae is an excellent object of research for this objective. Within this group, Bothrops jararaca is one of the most representative snakes in ophidic accidents in the country, besides belonging to a complex of related species. Bothrops insularis and Bothrops alcatraz, are two endemic species of islands belonging to the Bothrops jararaca complex, which have different ecologies and predation pressures in relation to their sister species from the continent. The paper is divided into two chapters. The first deals with the association between biotic and abiotic factors in defensive behavior and epidemiological patterns, using B. jararaca. The second chapter aims to understand how the defensive behavior of the mainland jararaca and insular jararacas is influenced by types of predatory stimuli and what behavioral patterns are exhibited. Based on this, a comprehensive and relevant study of defensive behavior was obtained.
One of the most important relationships between living beings in nature is predation. It is from this defensive behaviors arise from it. This behavioral class is diversified among reptiles, especially snakes. The behavioral adaptations to defend themselves are influenced by several environmental factors and intrinsic to the animals, becoming a means by which evolution can act. Furthermore, these behaviors trigger the accidents caused by venomous snakes. The objective of this work was to understand defensive behavior from an ecological perspective and use it as a tool to understand the epidemiology of ophidian accidents. The genus Bothrops of the family Viperidae is an excellent object of research for this objective. Within this group, Bothrops jararaca is one of the most representative snakes in ophidic accidents in the country, besides belonging to a complex of related species. Bothrops insularis and Bothrops alcatraz, are two endemic species of islands belonging to the Bothrops jararaca complex, which have different ecologies and predation pressures in relation to their sister species from the continent. The paper is divided into two chapters. The first deals with the association between biotic and abiotic factors in defensive behavior and epidemiological patterns, using B. jararaca. The second chapter aims to understand how the defensive behavior of the mainland jararaca and insular jararacas is influenced by types of predatory stimuli and what behavioral patterns are exhibited. Based on this, a comprehensive and relevant study of defensive behavior was obtained.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Comportamento defensivo, Jararacas insulares, Epidemiologia, Ecologia, Bothrops jararaca, Defensive behavior, Jararaca, Insular jararaca, Epidemiology, Ecology