Análise do comportamento fonológico das consoantes líquidas do português dos trovadores
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Data
2023-05-05
Autores
Barreto, Débora Aparecida dos Reis Justo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta Tese consiste em estudar os fenômenos fonológicos do português usado no período arcaico, investigando, especificamente, as consoantes líquidas (representadas na escrita por <r, rr, l, ll> e <lh>) situadas em contexto de início e travamento silábicos, presentes em 250 poemas medievais galego-portugueses. As líquidas são uma temática interessante à composição de um mosaico dos aspectos segmentais do português arcaico, visto que há muitas controvérsias na literatura sobre o status fonológico de tais segmentos, tanto na atualidade quanto em períodos passados da língua. O nosso objetivo é o de analisar as consoantes líquidas em todos os contextos da sílaba e da palavra, além de verificar se, no período trovadoresco do português, as consoantes róticas e laterais duplas, quando estão em contexto intervocálico, apresentam um mesmo comportamento fonológico, ou seja, podem ser entendidas como geminadas do ponto de vista fonológico. Elementos desse tipo compreendem um segmento que vale por dois, sendo que uma parte preenche a posição de coda da sílaba anterior, travando-a, e a outra se situa no início da sílaba seguinte. A análise dos dados foi feita a partir dos modelos fonológicos não-lineares, em especial as teorias autossegmental e métrica. A metodologia adotada se embasou na verificação da possibilidade, ou não, de variação na escrita das vibrantes e laterais, visando averiguar relações entre letras e sons, e no estudo do comportamento das líquidas duplas em contexto de ataque, de coda e entre vogais. A análise da amostragem coletada mostrou que, em posição intervocálica, a lateral dobrada <ll/lh> apresenta o mesmo comportamento fonológico constatado para a vibrante <rr> em Barreto (2019), isto é, pode ser considerada como geminada, no nível fonológico, já que apresenta as características desse tipo de segmento. Em relação às outras posições na palavra, verificou-se que as róticas e laterais duplas não compreendem casos de geminação. Ademais, reconhecemos, por meio das reflexões feitas, a existência de um único fonema rótico naquela fase da língua, o tepe, que, da perspectiva fonológica, tem duas variantes, uma simples (r ou rr), e uma geminada (rr). E, sobre a lateral, consideramos que, na Idade Média, diferentemente do que ocorre hoje no português, em que se realiza l de forma vocalizada em coda de sílaba, esse segmento, possivelmente, era pronunciado de modo velarizado, realização recorrente, ainda hoje, no português da Europa.
The aim of this Thesis is to study the phonological phenomena of Portuguese used in the archaic times, investigating, specifically, the liquid consonants (represented in writing by <r, rr, l, ll> and <lh>) situated in the context of syllabic onset and syllabic closure, present in 250 medieval Galician-Portuguese poems. The liquids are an interesting topic to compose a mosaic of segmental aspects of archaic Portuguese, since there are controversies in the literature about the phonological status of such segments, both now and in past periods of the language. Our objective is to analyze the liquid consonants in all contexts of the syllable and the word, in addition to verifying whether, in the troubadour period of Portuguese, the rhotic consonants and double laterals, when they are in an intervocalic context, present the same phonological behavior, that is, they can be understood as geminated from the phonological point of view. Elements of this type comprise a segment that counts for two, part of it filling the coda position of the previous syllable, closing it, while the other is located at the beginning of the following syllable. Data analysis was based on Non-Linear Phonology, especially autosegmental and metrical theories. The methodology adopted was based on the verification of the possibility of variation in the writing of vibrants and laterals, in order to investigate relations between letters and sounds, and on the study of the behavior of double liquids in onset, coda, and between vowels. The analysis of the collected sample showed that, in intervocalic position, the doubled lateral <ll/lh> presents the same phonological behavior found for the <rr> in Barreto (2019), that is, it can be considered as geminate, at the phonological level, since it presents the characteristics of this type of segment. Regarding the other positions inside the word, it was verified that rhotic and double lateral do not comprise cases of gemination. Furthermore, we recognize the existence of a single rhotic phoneme at that stage of the language, the tap, which, from the phonological perspective, has two variants, a simple (r or rr), and a geminate (rr). And, regarding the lateral, we consider that, in the Middle Ages, unlike what occurs today in Portuguese, in which l is vocalized in syllable coda, this segment was possibly pronounced in a velarized manner, a recurrent realization, even today, in European Portuguese.
The aim of this Thesis is to study the phonological phenomena of Portuguese used in the archaic times, investigating, specifically, the liquid consonants (represented in writing by <r, rr, l, ll> and <lh>) situated in the context of syllabic onset and syllabic closure, present in 250 medieval Galician-Portuguese poems. The liquids are an interesting topic to compose a mosaic of segmental aspects of archaic Portuguese, since there are controversies in the literature about the phonological status of such segments, both now and in past periods of the language. Our objective is to analyze the liquid consonants in all contexts of the syllable and the word, in addition to verifying whether, in the troubadour period of Portuguese, the rhotic consonants and double laterals, when they are in an intervocalic context, present the same phonological behavior, that is, they can be understood as geminated from the phonological point of view. Elements of this type comprise a segment that counts for two, part of it filling the coda position of the previous syllable, closing it, while the other is located at the beginning of the following syllable. Data analysis was based on Non-Linear Phonology, especially autosegmental and metrical theories. The methodology adopted was based on the verification of the possibility of variation in the writing of vibrants and laterals, in order to investigate relations between letters and sounds, and on the study of the behavior of double liquids in onset, coda, and between vowels. The analysis of the collected sample showed that, in intervocalic position, the doubled lateral <ll/lh> presents the same phonological behavior found for the <rr> in Barreto (2019), that is, it can be considered as geminate, at the phonological level, since it presents the characteristics of this type of segment. Regarding the other positions inside the word, it was verified that rhotic and double lateral do not comprise cases of gemination. Furthermore, we recognize the existence of a single rhotic phoneme at that stage of the language, the tap, which, from the phonological perspective, has two variants, a simple (r or rr), and a geminate (rr). And, regarding the lateral, we consider that, in the Middle Ages, unlike what occurs today in Portuguese, in which l is vocalized in syllable coda, this segment was possibly pronounced in a velarized manner, a recurrent realization, even today, in European Portuguese.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Consoantes líquidas, Geminação, Cantigas medievais galego-portuguesas, Português arcaico, Status fonológico, Liquid consonants, Gemination, Medieval Galician-Portuguese songs, Archaic Portuguese, Phonological status