Interação espaço-temporal entre onça-parda (Puma concolor) e cão-doméstico (Canis familiaris)
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Data
2023-07-28
Autores
Gonçalves da Silva, Rodolpho
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Interações negativas entre carnívoros, como competição e predação, podem afetar diretamente as populações de espécies carnívoras e suas presas. Essas interações podem afetar diretamente a sobrevivência e reprodução, resultando em mudanças nos padrões de atividade e ocupação. Compreender as interações temporais e espaciais entre as espécies fornece informações valiosas sobre a distribuição, uso de habitat e a dinâmica predador-presa. A compreensão das interações entre carnívoros silvestres e o invasor/exótico ainda é limitada. Neste estudo, especificamente, foi investigada a relação entre a onça-parda (Puma concolor) e o cão-doméstico (Canis familiaris) em Unidades de Conservação, localizadas em Águas de Santa Bárbara/SP, coletando dados através de armadilhas fotográficas em 67 pontos amostrais. A análise do padrão de atividade foi realizada usando densidade de kernel e sobreposição de horários. Avaliou-se a evitação temporal da onça-parda em relação à presença de cães-domésticos, comparando-se os intervalos de tempo entre suas passagens. A sobreposição espacial foi analisada por meio de modelos de ocupação, considerando os fatores que influenciam o uso da paisagem pelas espécies. A onça-parda apresentou atividade predominantemente crepuscular-noturna, enquanto o cão-doméstico apresentava atividade predominantemente diurna. Houve sobreposição no horário de atividade das espécies, mas essa sobreposição diminuiu nos pontos de coocorrência espacial. Em relação aos intervalos de tempo entre os registros, não houve diferença significativa para os cães-domésticos após o registro de onças-pardas. No entanto, as onças-pardas demoraram em média três dias para passar após o registro de cães-domésticos. A porcentagem de formação savânica afetou positivamente o uso da área pela onça-parda, enquanto o mosaico de uso agropecuário diminuiu essa probabilidade, indicando uma dependência da vegetação nativa e áreas protegidas. A proximidade com rodovias mostrou-se um fator importante na utilização do espaço pelos cães-domésticos, reforçando sua associação à atividade humana. A presença de cães-domésticos reduziu a utilização da formação savânica pelas onças-pardas. O estudo demonstrou que mesmo sendo uma espécie de menor porte, como o cão-doméstico afetou espacialmente a onça-parda. Portanto, é crucial entender e mitigar o impacto das espécies exóticas na fauna nativa e adotar um manejo adequado dos cães-domésticos, considerando os potenciais impactos negativos na vida selvagem e a importância da preservação de habitats naturais.
Negative interactions among carnivores, such as competition and predation, can directly affect the populations of carnivorous species and their prey. These interactions may have direct impacts on survival and reproduction, leading to changes in activity and occupancy patterns. Understanding the temporal and spatial interactions among species provides valuable insights into distribution, habitat use, and predator-prey dynamics. The comprehension of interactions between wild carnivores and the invasive/exotic species is still limited. In this study, specifically, the relationship between the puma (Puma concolor) and the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) was investigated in Conservation Units located in Águas de Santa Bárbara/SP, using data collected from camera traps at 67 sampling points. Activity pattern analysis was performed using kernel density and temporal overlap. The temporal avoidance of pumas in relation to the presence of domestic dogs was evaluated by comparing the time intervals between their passages. Spatial overlap was analyzed through occupancy models, considering factors that influence the species' landscape use. Pumas showed a predominantly crepuscular-nocturnal activity, while domestic dogs exhibited predominantly diurnal activity. There was temporal activity overlap between the species, but this overlap decreased in spatially co-occurring points. Regarding the time intervals between records, there was no significant difference for domestic dogs after puma records. However, pumas took an average of three days to pass after domestic dog records. The percentage of savanna formation positively influenced the area's use by pumas, while the agricultural mosaic decreased this probability, indicating a dependence on native vegetation and protected areas. Proximity to highways proved to be an important factor in domestic dog space utilization, reinforcing their association with human activity. The presence of domestic dogs reduced the use of savanna formation by pumas. The study demonstrated that even though it is a smaller-sized species, domestic dogs had spatial effects on pumas. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and mitigate the impact of exotic species on native fauna and adopt proper management of domestic dogs, considering the potential negative impacts on wildlife and the importance of preserving natural habitats.
Negative interactions among carnivores, such as competition and predation, can directly affect the populations of carnivorous species and their prey. These interactions may have direct impacts on survival and reproduction, leading to changes in activity and occupancy patterns. Understanding the temporal and spatial interactions among species provides valuable insights into distribution, habitat use, and predator-prey dynamics. The comprehension of interactions between wild carnivores and the invasive/exotic species is still limited. In this study, specifically, the relationship between the puma (Puma concolor) and the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) was investigated in Conservation Units located in Águas de Santa Bárbara/SP, using data collected from camera traps at 67 sampling points. Activity pattern analysis was performed using kernel density and temporal overlap. The temporal avoidance of pumas in relation to the presence of domestic dogs was evaluated by comparing the time intervals between their passages. Spatial overlap was analyzed through occupancy models, considering factors that influence the species' landscape use. Pumas showed a predominantly crepuscular-nocturnal activity, while domestic dogs exhibited predominantly diurnal activity. There was temporal activity overlap between the species, but this overlap decreased in spatially co-occurring points. Regarding the time intervals between records, there was no significant difference for domestic dogs after puma records. However, pumas took an average of three days to pass after domestic dog records. The percentage of savanna formation positively influenced the area's use by pumas, while the agricultural mosaic decreased this probability, indicating a dependence on native vegetation and protected areas. Proximity to highways proved to be an important factor in domestic dog space utilization, reinforcing their association with human activity. The presence of domestic dogs reduced the use of savanna formation by pumas. The study demonstrated that even though it is a smaller-sized species, domestic dogs had spatial effects on pumas. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and mitigate the impact of exotic species on native fauna and adopt proper management of domestic dogs, considering the potential negative impacts on wildlife and the importance of preserving natural habitats.
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Carnívoros, Comunidades ecológicas, Espécies exóticas, Interferência de competidores, Padrão de atividade, Uso de habitat, Carnivores, Ecological communities, Exotic species, Competitor interference, Activity pattern, Habitat use