Uso de Trichoderma atroviride na cultura do feijoeiro
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Data
2022-06-03
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de microrganismos benéficos tem se tornado uma alternativa em programas de manejo integrado para a produção de alimentos em uma agricultura sustentável. Os fungos do gênero Trichoderma estão entre os microrganismos mais estudados no Brasil e no mundo para o uso na agricultura. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses de Trichoderma atroviride em dois estádios de desenvolvimento, a sua influência sobre os pigmentos fotossintetizantes, açúcares solúveis totais, sacarose, nitrato, amônia, ureídeos, os nutrientes das folhas, os componentes de produção e a produtividade do feijoeiro à campo. O experimento foi conduzido em réplica, com 3 repetições, em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (3 x 5) totalizando 15 tratamentos. Os tratamentos constituíram da aplicação manual, na linha de cultivo de 3 doses (0,0, 1,0 e 2,0 kg ha-1) de Trichoderma atroviride em V3 e 5 doses (0,0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 e 2,0 kg ha-1) aplicadas em R5. O produto a base de Trichoderma atroviride foi obtido a partir da fermentação sólida do milheto e usado na concentração de 1,0 x 109 conídios viáveis. Após 15 dias da aplicação dos tratamentos, em R5, foram coletadas folhas diagnósticas para a realização das análises bioquímicas e nutricionais. Para a avaliação dos parâmetros biométricos foram utilizadas 5 plantas colhidas da terceira linha da área útil de cada parcela. A produtividade das sementes foi estimada com a colheita das plantas das 2 linhas centrais de 5 metros de comprimento da área útil de cada parcela, corrigindo-se a umidade para 13% (base úmida) e a média dos valores foram extrapoladas para (kg ha-1). A aplicação de doses de Trichoderma atroviride nos estádios V3 e R5 da cultura do feijoeiro influenciou os teores de nutrientes das folhas (fósforo, cálcio e manganês), os pigmentos fotossintéticos (clorofila a, b e total, feofitina a, b e total e os carotenoides), os ureídeos (ácido alantóico e alantoína), a sacarose, o nitrato, a amônia, os componentes de produção (número de nós, vagens e sementes por planta e o número de sementes por vagem) e a produtividade. A dose de 1,0 kg ha-1 em V3 do bioagente proporcionou aumento de 44% (2.311,20 kg ha-1) na produtividade do feijoeiro, cultivar IPR-Campos Gerais, à campo, quando comparado com a testemunha (1.610,75 kg ha-1).
The use of beneficial microorganisms has become an alternative in integrated management programs for the production of food in a sustainable agriculture. The fungi of the genus Trichoderma are among the most studied microorganisms in Brazil and in the world for the use in agriculture. The present study had for objective to evaluate the effect of the application of doses of Trichoderma atroviride in two stages of development, its influence on the photosynthesis pigments, total soluble sugars, sucrose, nitrate, ammonium, ureides, the nutrients of the leaves, the components of production and the productivity of the common bean plant in the field. The experiment was conducted in replication, with 3 repetitions, in randomized blocks, in a factorial design (3 x 5), totaling 15 treatments. The treatments consisted of manual application, in the cultivation line, of 3 doses (0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 kg ha-1) of Trichoderma atroviride in V3 and 5 doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg ha-1) applied in R5. The product based on Trichoderma atroviride was obtained from the solid fermentation of millet and used in the concentration of 1.0 x 109 viable conidia. After 15 days of the application of treatments, in R5, diagnostic leaves were collected to perform biochemical and nutritional analyses. For the evaluation of the biometric parameters, 5 plants harvested from the third row of the useful area of each plot were used. The seed yield was estimated by harvesting the plants of the two 5-meter long central lines of each plot, correcting the humidity to 13% (wet basis) and the average values were extrapolated to (kg ha-1). The application of doses of Trichoderma atroviride in the V3 and R5 stages of the common bean crop influenced the nutrient contents of the leaves (phosphorus, calcium and manganese), the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total, pheophytin a, b and total and carotenoids), ureides (allantoic acid and allantoin), sucrose, nitrate, ammonium, yield components (number of nodes, pods and seeds per plant and number of seeds per pod) and productivity. The dose of 1.0 kg ha-1 in V3 of the bioagent provided an increase of 44% (2,311.20 kg ha-1) in the yield of common bean, cultivar IPR-Campos Gerais, in the field, when compared with the control (1,610.75 kg ha-1).
The use of beneficial microorganisms has become an alternative in integrated management programs for the production of food in a sustainable agriculture. The fungi of the genus Trichoderma are among the most studied microorganisms in Brazil and in the world for the use in agriculture. The present study had for objective to evaluate the effect of the application of doses of Trichoderma atroviride in two stages of development, its influence on the photosynthesis pigments, total soluble sugars, sucrose, nitrate, ammonium, ureides, the nutrients of the leaves, the components of production and the productivity of the common bean plant in the field. The experiment was conducted in replication, with 3 repetitions, in randomized blocks, in a factorial design (3 x 5), totaling 15 treatments. The treatments consisted of manual application, in the cultivation line, of 3 doses (0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 kg ha-1) of Trichoderma atroviride in V3 and 5 doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg ha-1) applied in R5. The product based on Trichoderma atroviride was obtained from the solid fermentation of millet and used in the concentration of 1.0 x 109 viable conidia. After 15 days of the application of treatments, in R5, diagnostic leaves were collected to perform biochemical and nutritional analyses. For the evaluation of the biometric parameters, 5 plants harvested from the third row of the useful area of each plot were used. The seed yield was estimated by harvesting the plants of the two 5-meter long central lines of each plot, correcting the humidity to 13% (wet basis) and the average values were extrapolated to (kg ha-1). The application of doses of Trichoderma atroviride in the V3 and R5 stages of the common bean crop influenced the nutrient contents of the leaves (phosphorus, calcium and manganese), the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total, pheophytin a, b and total and carotenoids), ureides (allantoic acid and allantoin), sucrose, nitrate, ammonium, yield components (number of nodes, pods and seeds per plant and number of seeds per pod) and productivity. The dose of 1.0 kg ha-1 in V3 of the bioagent provided an increase of 44% (2,311.20 kg ha-1) in the yield of common bean, cultivar IPR-Campos Gerais, in the field, when compared with the control (1,610.75 kg ha-1).
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Agricultura sustentável, Biotecnologia, Manejo agrícola, Beneficial microorganism, Yield, Agricultural management