Análise espaço-temporal da leishmaniose visceral humana no estado de São Paulo entre 2007 e 2020
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2023-08-30
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é a forma mais grave das leishmanioses. Em humanos, 95% dos casos,
quando não tratados de forma adequada, resultam em mortes, além de ser considerada a doença
parasitária mais propensa a surto. No ano de 2020, 90% dos casos notificados à Organização Mundial
da Saúde concentraram-se em apenas 10 países, sendo o Brasil um deles. Já no continente americano, o
Brasil foi responsável por 97% dos casos no mesmo período. Diante desse cenário preocupante, foi
estabelecida no Brasil em 2012 a Semana Nacional de Controle e Combate à Leishmaniose, através da
Lei nº 12.604/2012, com o objetivo de promover ações educativas e preventivas relacionadas à doença.
No Estado de São Paulo, 273 municípios notificaram casos confirmados da leishmaniose visceral
humana, acumulando no período de 2007 a 2020 um total de 2.743 registros da doença. O principal
vetor responsável pela transmissão dessa doença é a uma espécie de flebotomíneos denominado
Lutzomyia longipalpis, sendo os cães considerados as principais fontes de infecção para esses insetos
no contexto urbano. Técnicas de geoprocessamento e análises espaciais desempenham um papel
fundamental na saúde pública, permitindo uma compreensão aprofundada da distribuição geoespacial
das doenças e seu comportamento ao longo do espaço-temporal. Desse modo, nesta pesquisa, foram
realizadas análises e investigações para compreender a disseminação da leishmaniose visceral humana
no Estado de São Paulo, bem como entender a distribuição espaço-temporal e os aglomerados dessa
doença, utilizando o geoprocessamento e análise espacial. A pesquisa foi feita com os dados
disponibilizados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN/DATASUS) dos
municípios paulistas que apresentaram casos de leishmaniose visceral humana no período de 2007 a
2020. As bases dos limites municipais, administrativos e sedes municipais foram obtidas do Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os procedimentos realizados neste trabalho são divididos
em duas etapas. A primeira etapa consiste em aplicação de análises espaciais de eventos pontuais para
estudar a distribuição dos casos de LVH e compreender sua disseminação e tendência no Estado de São
Paulo no espaço-temporal. Na segunda etapa, foram realizadas análises de padrões espaciais de eventos
agregados por área para entender os padrões de agrupamento dos casos de LVH, identificando a
autocorrelação espacial da doença no Estado. Os procedimentos e mapas temáticos foram feitos nos
sistemas de informação geográfica ArcGIS Pro e ArcMap.
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis, with 95% of cases in humans resulting in death when left untreated, besides being considered the parasitic disease most prone to outbreaks. In 2020, 90% of cases reported to the World Health Organization were concentrated in just 10 countries, including Brazil, which accounted for 97% of cases in the Americas during the same period. Faced with this concerning scenario, the National Week for the Control and Combat of Leishmaniasis was established in Brazil in 2012 through Law No. 12,604/2012, aiming to promote educational and preventive actions related to the disease. In the state of São Paulo, 273 municipalities reported confirmed cases of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis, accumulating a total of 2,743 disease records from 2007 to 2020. The main vector responsible for transmitting this disease is a species of phlebotomine sandfly called Lutzomyia longipalpis, with dogs considered the main sources of infection for these insects in urban areas. Geoprocessing techniques and spatial analysis play a fundamental role in public health, allowing for a deep understanding of the geospatial distribution of diseases and their behavior over space and time. Therefore, in this research it was conducted analyses and investigations to understand the spread of human visceral leishmaniasis in the state of São Paulo, as well as to comprehend the spatiotemporal distribution and clusters of this disease, using geoprocessing and spatial analysis. The research utilized data provided by the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN/DATASUS) from São Paulo municipalities reporting cases of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis from 2007 to 2020, with boundary, administrative, and municipal seat data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The procedures in this study are divided into two stages. The first stage involves spatial analyses of point events to study the distribution of LVH cases and understand their dissemination and trend in the state of São Paulo over space and time. In the second stage, analyses of spatial patterns of aggregated events by area were conducted to understand the clustering patterns of LVH cases, identifying the spatial autocorrelation of the disease in the state. The procedures and thematic maps were created using the ArcGIS Pro and ArcMap geographic information systems.
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis, with 95% of cases in humans resulting in death when left untreated, besides being considered the parasitic disease most prone to outbreaks. In 2020, 90% of cases reported to the World Health Organization were concentrated in just 10 countries, including Brazil, which accounted for 97% of cases in the Americas during the same period. Faced with this concerning scenario, the National Week for the Control and Combat of Leishmaniasis was established in Brazil in 2012 through Law No. 12,604/2012, aiming to promote educational and preventive actions related to the disease. In the state of São Paulo, 273 municipalities reported confirmed cases of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis, accumulating a total of 2,743 disease records from 2007 to 2020. The main vector responsible for transmitting this disease is a species of phlebotomine sandfly called Lutzomyia longipalpis, with dogs considered the main sources of infection for these insects in urban areas. Geoprocessing techniques and spatial analysis play a fundamental role in public health, allowing for a deep understanding of the geospatial distribution of diseases and their behavior over space and time. Therefore, in this research it was conducted analyses and investigations to understand the spread of human visceral leishmaniasis in the state of São Paulo, as well as to comprehend the spatiotemporal distribution and clusters of this disease, using geoprocessing and spatial analysis. The research utilized data provided by the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN/DATASUS) from São Paulo municipalities reporting cases of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis from 2007 to 2020, with boundary, administrative, and municipal seat data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The procedures in this study are divided into two stages. The first stage involves spatial analyses of point events to study the distribution of LVH cases and understand their dissemination and trend in the state of São Paulo over space and time. In the second stage, analyses of spatial patterns of aggregated events by area were conducted to understand the clustering patterns of LVH cases, identifying the spatial autocorrelation of the disease in the state. The procedures and thematic maps were created using the ArcGIS Pro and ArcMap geographic information systems.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Geoprocessamento, Análises espaciais, Espaço-temporal, Leishmaniose visceral humana, Geoprocessing, Spatial analysis, Spatiotemporal, Human visceral leishmaniasis
Como citar
EDERLI, Daniel José Padovani. Análise espaço-temporal da leishmaniose visceral humana no estado de São Paulo entre 2007 e 2020. Orientador: Edmur Azevedo Pugliesi. 2024. 51 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Cartográficas) - Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, 2023.