Influência das fontes e inclusões de cobre, zinco e manganês no desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e perfil de metaloproteínas em frangos de corte
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Data
2023-08-18
Autores
Contin Neto, Armando Carlos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A suplementação de microminerais é indispensável para atender as exigências de frangos de corte. Cobre, Zinco e Manganês desempenham uma série de funções bioquímicas que permitem o bom funcionamento do organismo animal, garantindo suporte estrutural, fisiológico, regulatório e catalítico. Porém nem todas as fontes de microminerais disponíveis comercialmente apresentam características que favoreçam sua absorção. Os hidroximenerais (HCM) representam a terceira geração da suplementação mineral devido suas características químicas diferenciadas das fontes usuais que trazem benefícios sobre os parâmetros de desempenho e saúde das aves. Diversas pesquisas já foram conduzidas a fim de elucidar o efeito das fontes e níveis de microminerais sobre os parâmetros zootécnicos, status de saúde e bem-estar de frangos de corte. No entanto, nenhum estudo avaliou os efeitos das diferentes fontes e níveis de Cu, Zn e Mn sobre o metabolismo de metaloproteínas em frangos de corte. Esta pesquisa corresponde ao estudo de desempenho zootécnico e estudo proteômico de tecido hepático e plasmático de frangos de corte, divididos em três capítulos principais, respectivamente. Capítulo II – O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes (hidroxicloreto e sulfato) e diferentes níveis de Cobre, Zinco e Manganês sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte, rendimento de partes de carcaça, bem como avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano do Cobre. Foram utilizados 1080 pintos de um dia de idade (COBB 500), distribuídos em quatro tratamentos experimentais: Controle + (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn e 80 ppm Mn na forma sulfato + 50 ppm de avilamicina), Controle – (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn e 80 ppm Mn na forma sulfato), Baixo HCM (15 ppm Cu, 40 ppm Zn e 40 ppm Mn na forma hidroxicloretos), Alto HCM (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn e 80 ppm Mn na forma hidroxicloreto). As avaliações de desempenho foram feitas semanalmente e no 42º dia de criação três aves foram escolhidas ao acaso para avaliação do rendimento de partes. A avaliação de desempenho e rendimento de partes demonstrou que os hidroxicloretos apresentam o mesmo resultado que a fonte sulfato mesmo com adição de aditivo promotor. A suplementação de minerais na forma hidroxicloretos podem ser feitas em 50% do nível recomendado pelos guias nutricionais. Desse modo, é possível dispensar o uso de promotor de crescimento e suplementar Cu, Zn e Mn em 50% abaixo do recomendado quando usado as fontes hidroxicloretos. Capítulo III – O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o proteoma plasmático de frangos de corte suplementados com diferentes fontes e níveis de Cobre, Zinco e Manganês, utilizando ferramentas metaloproteômicas. Foram considerados três tratamentos: Sulf Controle (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn e 80 ppm Mn na forma sulfato), Baixo HCM (15 ppm Cu, 40 ppm Zn e 40 ppm Mn na forma hidroxicloretos) e HCM Controle (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn e 80 ppm Mn na forma hidroxicloreto). Para a pesquisa, foram feitos três pools de plasma de 9 aves/tratamento no 42º dia de idade. Os pools foram submetidos aos procedimentos de extração proteica para obtenção do proteoma e posterior caracterização, identificação dos níveis funcionais, via metabólicas e interações das proteínas associadas com os minerais estudados. A análise proteômica demonstrou indução de proteínas associadas com sistema imune e o crescimento celular (IGLL1 – imunoglobulina lambda cadeia leve e cadeia pesada e RC3H1 – Ring finger and CCCH-type domains 1), proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo do oxigênio (HBE e HBG2 – hemoglobina subunidade alfa e hemoglobina subunidade beta) e transporte de nutrientes (RBP4 – retinol binding protein 4), sugerindo envolvimento dessas proteínas com os minerais estudados e a chance de serem possíveis biomarcadores. Capítulo IV – O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o proteoma hepático de frangos de corte suplementados com diferentes fontes e níveis de Cobre, Zinco e Manganês utilizando ferramentas metaloproteômicas. Foram considerados três tratamentos (Sulf Controle (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn e 80 ppm Mn na forma sulfato), Baixo HCM (15 ppm Cu, 40 ppm Zn e 40 ppm Mn na forma hidroxicloretos) e HCM Controle (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn e 80 ppm Mn na forma hidroxicloreto). Para a pesquisa foram feitos três pools de fígado de 9 aves/tratamento, no 42º dia de idade. Os pools foram submetidos aos procedimentos de extração proteica para obtenção do proteoma e posteriormente caracterização, identificação dos níveis funcionais, via metabólicas e interações das proteínas associadas com os minerais estudados. A análise proteômica demonstrou indução de proteínas associadas os processos biológicos e componente celular, com funções de transporte de nutrientes e produção de energia como a ALDOB (frusctose biphosfate aldolase B) e ATP Sintetase Subunidade β (ATP5b), respectivamente, sugerindo envolvimento dessas proteínas com os minerais estudados e a chance de serem possíveis biomarcadores.
Micromineral supplementation is essential to meet the requirements of broiler chickens. Copper, Zinc and Manganese perform a series of biochemical functions that allow the animal organism to function properly, ensuring structural, physiological, regulatory and catalytic support. However, not all sources of commercially available microminerals have characteristics that favor their absorption. The hydroxyminerals represent the third generation of mineral supplementation due to their chemical characteristics different from the usual sources that bring benefits on the parameters of performance and health of the birds. Several studies have already been conducted in order to elucidate the effect of sources and levels of microminerals on the zootechnical parameters, health status and well-being of broiler chickens. However, no study has evaluated the effects of different sources and levels of Cu, Zn and Mn on metal biding protein metabolism in broiler chickens. This study corresponds to the study of zootechnical performance and the proteomic study of liver and plasma tissue of broiler chickens, divided into three main chapters, respectively. Paper II – The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sources (hydroxychloride and sulfate) and different levels of Copper, Zinc and Manganese on the performance of broilers, yield of parts, as well as to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Copper. A total of 1080 one-day-old chicks (COBB 500) were used, divided into four experimental treatments: Control + (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in sulfate form + 50 ppm of avilamycin), Control – (15 ppm Cu , 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in sulfate form), Low HCM (15 ppm Cu, 40 ppm Zn and 40 ppm Mn in hydroxychloride form), High HCM (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in hydroxychloride form) . Performance evaluations were made weekly and on the 42nd day of rearing, three birds were chosen at random to evaluate the yield of parts. The evaluation of the performance and yield of parts showed that the hydroxychlorides present the same result as the sulphate sources even with the addition of a promoter additive. Supplementation of minerals in the form of hydroxychlorides can be done at 50% of the level recommended by nutritional guides. Thus, it is possible to dispense with the use of growth promoter and supplement Cu, Zn and Mn at 50% below the recommended level when using hydroxychloride sources. Paper III – The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma proteome of broilers supplemented with different sources and levels of Copper, Zinc and Manganese, using metalloproteomics tools. Three treatments were considered: Sulf Control (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in sulfate form), Low HCM (15 ppm Cu, 40 ppm Zn and 40 ppm Mn in hydroxychloride form) and HCM Control (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in the hydroxychloride form). For the study, three plasma pools of 9 birds/treatment were made. The pools were subjected to protein extraction procedures to obtain the proteome and subsequent characterization, identification of functional levels, metabolic pathways and interactions of proteins associated with the studied minerals. Proteomic analysis demonstrated induction of proteins associated with the immune system and cell growth (IGLL1 – lambda immunoglobulin light chain and heavy chain and RC3H1 – Ring finger and CCCH-type domains 1), involved in oxygen metabolism (HBE and HBG2 – hemoglobin subunit alpha and hemoglobin beta subunit) and nutrient transport (RBP4 – retinol binding protein 4), suggesting involvement of these proteins with the studied minerals and the chance of being possible biomarkers. Paper IV – The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic proteome of broiler chickens supplemented with different sources and levels of Copper, Zinc and Manganese using metalloproteomics tools. Three treatments were considered (Sulf Control (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in sulfate form), Low HCM (15 ppm Cu, 40 ppm Zn and 40 ppm Mn in hydroxychloride form) and HCM Control (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in the hydroxychloride form). For the study, three liver pools of 9 birds/treatment were made. The pools were submitted to protein extraction procedures to obtain the proteome and later characterization, identification of the functional levels, via Metabolic reactions and interactions of proteins associated with the minerals studied. Proteomic analysis demonstrated induction of proteins associated with biological processes and cellular component, with nutrient transport functions and production of such as ALDOB (frusctose-biphosphate aldolase B) and ATP Synthetase Subunit β (ATP5b), respectively, suggesting involvement of these proteins with the minerals studied and the chance of being possible biomarkers.
Micromineral supplementation is essential to meet the requirements of broiler chickens. Copper, Zinc and Manganese perform a series of biochemical functions that allow the animal organism to function properly, ensuring structural, physiological, regulatory and catalytic support. However, not all sources of commercially available microminerals have characteristics that favor their absorption. The hydroxyminerals represent the third generation of mineral supplementation due to their chemical characteristics different from the usual sources that bring benefits on the parameters of performance and health of the birds. Several studies have already been conducted in order to elucidate the effect of sources and levels of microminerals on the zootechnical parameters, health status and well-being of broiler chickens. However, no study has evaluated the effects of different sources and levels of Cu, Zn and Mn on metal biding protein metabolism in broiler chickens. This study corresponds to the study of zootechnical performance and the proteomic study of liver and plasma tissue of broiler chickens, divided into three main chapters, respectively. Paper II – The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sources (hydroxychloride and sulfate) and different levels of Copper, Zinc and Manganese on the performance of broilers, yield of parts, as well as to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Copper. A total of 1080 one-day-old chicks (COBB 500) were used, divided into four experimental treatments: Control + (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in sulfate form + 50 ppm of avilamycin), Control – (15 ppm Cu , 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in sulfate form), Low HCM (15 ppm Cu, 40 ppm Zn and 40 ppm Mn in hydroxychloride form), High HCM (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in hydroxychloride form) . Performance evaluations were made weekly and on the 42nd day of rearing, three birds were chosen at random to evaluate the yield of parts. The evaluation of the performance and yield of parts showed that the hydroxychlorides present the same result as the sulphate sources even with the addition of a promoter additive. Supplementation of minerals in the form of hydroxychlorides can be done at 50% of the level recommended by nutritional guides. Thus, it is possible to dispense with the use of growth promoter and supplement Cu, Zn and Mn at 50% below the recommended level when using hydroxychloride sources. Paper III – The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma proteome of broilers supplemented with different sources and levels of Copper, Zinc and Manganese, using metalloproteomics tools. Three treatments were considered: Sulf Control (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in sulfate form), Low HCM (15 ppm Cu, 40 ppm Zn and 40 ppm Mn in hydroxychloride form) and HCM Control (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in the hydroxychloride form). For the study, three plasma pools of 9 birds/treatment were made. The pools were subjected to protein extraction procedures to obtain the proteome and subsequent characterization, identification of functional levels, metabolic pathways and interactions of proteins associated with the studied minerals. Proteomic analysis demonstrated induction of proteins associated with the immune system and cell growth (IGLL1 – lambda immunoglobulin light chain and heavy chain and RC3H1 – Ring finger and CCCH-type domains 1), involved in oxygen metabolism (HBE and HBG2 – hemoglobin subunit alpha and hemoglobin beta subunit) and nutrient transport (RBP4 – retinol binding protein 4), suggesting involvement of these proteins with the studied minerals and the chance of being possible biomarkers. Paper IV – The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic proteome of broiler chickens supplemented with different sources and levels of Copper, Zinc and Manganese using metalloproteomics tools. Three treatments were considered (Sulf Control (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in sulfate form), Low HCM (15 ppm Cu, 40 ppm Zn and 40 ppm Mn in hydroxychloride form) and HCM Control (15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Zn and 80 ppm Mn in the hydroxychloride form). For the study, three liver pools of 9 birds/treatment were made. The pools were submitted to protein extraction procedures to obtain the proteome and later characterization, identification of the functional levels, via Metabolic reactions and interactions of proteins associated with the minerals studied. Proteomic analysis demonstrated induction of proteins associated with biological processes and cellular component, with nutrient transport functions and production of such as ALDOB (frusctose-biphosphate aldolase B) and ATP Synthetase Subunit β (ATP5b), respectively, suggesting involvement of these proteins with the minerals studied and the chance of being possible biomarkers.
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Palavras-chave
biomarcadores, hidroxicloreto, mineral, metal binding protein, proteômica, biomarkers, hydroxychloride, proteomics