Desenvolvimento de compósitos formulados com polipropileno e componentes de cigarros industrializados
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Data
2023-03-24
Autores
Moroz, Ivan [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver o processamento de novos materiais compósitos, utilizando matriz de polipropileno e quatro tipos de reforços obtidos a partir de cigarros comercializados. Configurada em delineamento totalmente casualizado, a pesquisa envolveu três fatores e contou com análises estatísticas dos tipos T de Student e ANOVA. As amostras de compósitos foram obtidas por compressão a quente, com mistura e fusão por atrito em homogeneizador tipo Dreis, e prensagem em prensa hidráulica a 180°C e 8 toneladas-força durante 10 minutos, com posterior resfriamento à temperatura ambiente ainda mantendo a força de compressão. As chapas obtidas foram então usinadas para obtenção dos corpos de prova específicos de cada ensaio. Os ensaios mecânicos (flexão, tração e impacto), térmico (calorimetria diferencial exploratória) e físico-químico (espectroscopia no infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier) revelaram efeitos da associação da matriz polimérica hidrofóbica e fibras hidrofílicas relatados na literatura quando comparados ao PP puro: i) variação de tensão de flexão entre redução de 41% e aumento de 1%; ii) redução do limite de resistência à tração variando entre 63% e 20%; iii) aumento do módulo de elasticidade em flexão variando entre 9% e 75%. Este aumento se dá pela alta rigidez específica das fibras naturais e do acetato de celulose (presente nas bitucas). A energia absorvida no impacto apresentou variação entre redução de 17% e aumento de 32%, um excelente resultado que indica possibilidade de aplicação em usos que envolvam impacto. Resultados adicionais indicaram que a execução de um pré-tratamento com peróxido de hidrogênio não altera as propriedades mecânicas de flexão, e que a absorção de água não causou redução significativa de propriedades de flexão, abrindo espaço para aplicações sujeitas a intempéries. O estudo conclui que existe grande potencial na utilização de resíduos derivados de cigarros industrializados, seja pela utilização de material apreendido devido a alguma irregularidade, seja pela criação de valor para um resíduo tóxico ubíquo globalmente, tendo em vista a importância da ciência denominada seleção de materiais cuja meta é definir com precisão e segurança os materiais mais apropriados a certas aplicações.
The present work has the objective of developing the processing of new composite materials, using polypropylene matrix and four types of reinforcements obtained from commercialized cigarettes. Configured in a completely randomized design, the research involved three factors and Student's T and ANOVA statistical analyses. Composite samples were obtained by thermal compression, with mixture and frictionbased fusion in a homogenizer Dreis equipment, and compression in an hydraulic press at 180°C and 8 tonnes-force for 10 minutes, with posterior cooling to room temperature still under the compression force. The obtained slabs were then milled to obtain the specific specimens for each test. Mechanical (flexural, tensile and impact), thermal (differential exploratory calorimetry) and physico-chemical (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy) tests revealed effects of the association of the hydrophobic polymeric matrix and hydrophilic fibers reported in the literature when compared to pure PP: i) flexural stress variation between 41% reduction and 1% increase; ii) reduction of the ultimate tensile strength ranging between 63% and 20%; iii) increase in the flexural modulus ranging from 9% to 75%. This increase is due to the high specific stiffness of natural fibers and cellulose acetate (found in cigarette butts). The energy absorbed on impact varied between a reduction of 17% and an increase of 32%, an excellent result that indicates the possibility of application in uses involving impact. Additional results indicated that the execution of a pre-treatment with hydrogen peroxide does not alter the flexural properties, and that water absorption did not cause an intense reduction of flexural properties, opening space for applications subject to weather effects. In conclusion, there is great potential in the use of waste derived from industrialized cigarettes, either by using material seized due to some irregularity, or by creating value for a globally ubiquitous toxic waste, in view of the importance of the science called material selection whose goal is to accurately and safely define the most appropriate materials for certain applications.
The present work has the objective of developing the processing of new composite materials, using polypropylene matrix and four types of reinforcements obtained from commercialized cigarettes. Configured in a completely randomized design, the research involved three factors and Student's T and ANOVA statistical analyses. Composite samples were obtained by thermal compression, with mixture and frictionbased fusion in a homogenizer Dreis equipment, and compression in an hydraulic press at 180°C and 8 tonnes-force for 10 minutes, with posterior cooling to room temperature still under the compression force. The obtained slabs were then milled to obtain the specific specimens for each test. Mechanical (flexural, tensile and impact), thermal (differential exploratory calorimetry) and physico-chemical (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy) tests revealed effects of the association of the hydrophobic polymeric matrix and hydrophilic fibers reported in the literature when compared to pure PP: i) flexural stress variation between 41% reduction and 1% increase; ii) reduction of the ultimate tensile strength ranging between 63% and 20%; iii) increase in the flexural modulus ranging from 9% to 75%. This increase is due to the high specific stiffness of natural fibers and cellulose acetate (found in cigarette butts). The energy absorbed on impact varied between a reduction of 17% and an increase of 32%, an excellent result that indicates the possibility of application in uses involving impact. Additional results indicated that the execution of a pre-treatment with hydrogen peroxide does not alter the flexural properties, and that water absorption did not cause an intense reduction of flexural properties, opening space for applications subject to weather effects. In conclusion, there is great potential in the use of waste derived from industrialized cigarettes, either by using material seized due to some irregularity, or by creating value for a globally ubiquitous toxic waste, in view of the importance of the science called material selection whose goal is to accurately and safely define the most appropriate materials for certain applications.
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Palavras-chave
compósitos, polipropileno, acetato de celulose, bitucas de cigarro, resistência ao impacto, tenacidade, composites, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, cigarette butts, impact resistance, toughness