Efeitos da contaminação por chumbo no sistema imune inato de Coturnix coturnix japonica
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Data
2020-12-15
Autores
Melhado, Gabriel [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As aves tem apresentado um declínio populacional nas últimas décadas ligado as atividades antrópicas, como industrialização, atividades agrícolas e processo de urbanização. Associada a essas atividades, a poluição por metais tem aumentado, evidenciada principalmente pela presença do chumbo (Pb) nos ecossistemas em elevadas concentrações. A preocupação perante à poluição por Pb é decorrente da capacidade de bioacumulação e toxicidade desse metal, e seu potencial efeito deletério sobre a saúde e sobrevivência das aves. Por exemplo, exposição ao Pb pode acarretar em um declínio na condição corpórea e alterações em processos fisiológicos que mantém a homeostase desses animais, como disfunção nas respostas imunológicas. No presente estudo, analisamos os efeitos do Pb sobre parâmetros indicativos da condição geral de saúde e elementos constitutivos e resposta imunológica induzida em codornas (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Para tanto, avaliamos os efeitos do Pb sobre a massa corpórea, consumo alimentar, número de células brancas, razão heterofilo/linfócito e produção da proteína haptoglobina. O Pb mostrou afetar a reposta imune constitutiva e a homeostase das aves à medida que codornas contaminadas por Pb tiveram aumento do número total de leucócitos. Além disso, os efeitos da contaminação por Pb em respostas induzidas do sistema imunológico podem estar associados a efeitos horméticos, já que houve aumento dos leucócitos, da razão H/L e da produção de haptoglobina, em aves contaminadas pelo metal e desafiadas imunologicamente com injeção de lipopolissacarídeo de Escherichia coli.
Birds have shown a population decline in recent decades related to human activities, such as industrialization, agricultural activities and the urbanization process. Associated with these activities, chemical pollution by metals has increased, evidenced mainly by the presence of lead (Pb) in natural ecosystems in high concentrations. The concern regarding Pb pollution is due to its bioaccumulation capacity and toxicity, and its potential deleterious effect on the birds’ health and survival. For example, exposure to Pb can lead to a decline in body condition and changes in physiological processes that maintain homeostasis in these animals, such as dysfunction of immune responses. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Pb on parameters indicative of general health condition and constitutive elements and induced immune response in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). For this purpose, we evaluated the effects of Pb on body mass, food intake, total number of white cells, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and production of the protein haptoglobin. Pb has been shown to affect the constitutive immune response and avian homeostasis as quails contaminated by Pb have increased the total number of leukocytes. In addition, the effects of Pb contamination on induced responses of the immune system may be associated with hormertic effects, since there was an increase in leukocytes, the H/L ratio and the production of haptoglobin, in birds contaminated by the metal and immunologically challenged with injection of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli.
Birds have shown a population decline in recent decades related to human activities, such as industrialization, agricultural activities and the urbanization process. Associated with these activities, chemical pollution by metals has increased, evidenced mainly by the presence of lead (Pb) in natural ecosystems in high concentrations. The concern regarding Pb pollution is due to its bioaccumulation capacity and toxicity, and its potential deleterious effect on the birds’ health and survival. For example, exposure to Pb can lead to a decline in body condition and changes in physiological processes that maintain homeostasis in these animals, such as dysfunction of immune responses. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Pb on parameters indicative of general health condition and constitutive elements and induced immune response in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). For this purpose, we evaluated the effects of Pb on body mass, food intake, total number of white cells, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and production of the protein haptoglobin. Pb has been shown to affect the constitutive immune response and avian homeostasis as quails contaminated by Pb have increased the total number of leukocytes. In addition, the effects of Pb contamination on induced responses of the immune system may be associated with hormertic effects, since there was an increase in leukocytes, the H/L ratio and the production of haptoglobin, in birds contaminated by the metal and immunologically challenged with injection of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli.
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Palavras-chave
Haptoglobina, Chumbo, Metal, Resposta imune, Hormese, Haptoglobin, Lead, Immune response, Hormesis