As medidas de segurança têm alternativas?
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2023-06-22
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O encontro do crime e da loucura tem sido espinhosa controvérsia, há alguns séculos, à dogmática jurídico-penal, que pouco ou nada tem caminhado no sentido de preencher as lacunas do tema dentro da ciência do direito penal. A criminologia, por sua vez, não sucedeu em demonstrar a relação entre doença mental e periculosidade, como se propões. Não bastasse, a execução penal, no que tange às medidas de segurança de internação em hospitais de custódia e tratamento psiquiátrico, calcada em escolhas político-criminais, é palco de violações reiteradas de direitos fundamentais e humanos dos que ali se encontram. Mesmo após notórios marcos como foram a luta antimanicomial, a condenação pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos no caso Damião Ximenes Lopes e o popularmente nomeado como “holocausto brasileiro”, que vitimou cerca de 60 mil indivíduos internados no hospital colônia de Barbacena, o tratamento jurídico, político e social da saúde física e mental do inimputável por doença mental ou desenvolvimento mental incompleto do infrator da lei penal é ainda calcado na omissão, no desrespeito e no descumprimento de disposições constitucionais. No mesmo sentido, a Lei 10.216/2001, apontada como a principal conquista do movimento da reforma psiquiátrica no Brasil, tem sido igualmente desconsiderada pelos Poderes Públicos quando o assunto é medida de segurança e internação psiquiátrica. O presente trabalho, nesses termos, utilizando-se do método hipotético-dedutivo de abordagem e preponderantemente da técnica bibliográfica-documental, pretende firmar as bases da teoria da medida de segurança como reprimenda penal e analisar a realidade manicomial do Brasil atual, a fim de delinear o cenário violatório que circunda toda a problemática. Recomenda-se, a partir do estudo realizado, o reconhecimento da teoria colombiana do estado de coisa inconstitucional, adotada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na ADPF 347 com relação às penitenciárias brasileiras, às medidas de seguranças. A hipótese central será a proposta de alternativas, teóricas e práticas, ao formato procedimental, legislativo e de cumprimento do instituto, visando os preceitos constitucionais de cidadania, dignidade humana e todos os demais direitos individuais garantidos pela Constituição Federal de 1988 para a formação e o desenvolvimento de um Estado Democrático de Direito.
The encounter of crime and insanity has been thorny controversy, for some centuries, to the legal-criminal dogmatic, which has moved paltry or nothing to fill the gaps of the theme within the science of criminal law. Criminology, in turn, failed in demonstrating the relationship between mental illness and dangerousness, as has long been proposed to do. Not only that criminal execution, regarding security measures of hospitalization in hospitals of custody and psychiatric treatment, based on criminal political measures, is the scene of repeated violations of fundamental and human rights of those who are there. Even after notorious milestones such as the anti-asylum struggle, the conviction by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the case of Damian Ximenes Lopes and the popularly named as "Brazilian holocaust", which victimized about 60,000 individuals in the hospital colony of Barbacena, the legal, political and social treatment of the physical and mental health of the unimputable mental illness or incomplete mental development of the criminal law offender is still based on omission, disrespect and non-compliance with constitutional powers. In the same sense, Law 10.216/2001, pointed out as the main achievement of the psychiatric reform movement in Brazil, has also been disconfirmed by the Public Authorities when the subject is a measure of security and psychiatric hospitalization. The present work, in these terms, using the hypothetical-deductive method of approach and predominantly of the bibliographic-documentary technique, intends to establish the bases of the theory of security measure as a criminal reprimand and analyze the sanatory reality of Brazil today, to delineate the violator scenario that surrounds the whole problem. It is recommended, from the study conducted, the recognition of the Colombian theory of the state of unconstitutional state of affairs, adopted by the Supreme Court in ADPF 347 in relation to Brazilian penitential, security measures. The central hypothesis will be the proposal of alternatives, theoretical and practical, to the procedural, legislative and compliance format of the institute, aiming at the constitutional precepts of citizenship, human dignity and all other individual rights guaranteed by the Constitution of 1988 for the formation and development of a Democratic State of Law.
The encounter of crime and insanity has been thorny controversy, for some centuries, to the legal-criminal dogmatic, which has moved paltry or nothing to fill the gaps of the theme within the science of criminal law. Criminology, in turn, failed in demonstrating the relationship between mental illness and dangerousness, as has long been proposed to do. Not only that criminal execution, regarding security measures of hospitalization in hospitals of custody and psychiatric treatment, based on criminal political measures, is the scene of repeated violations of fundamental and human rights of those who are there. Even after notorious milestones such as the anti-asylum struggle, the conviction by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the case of Damian Ximenes Lopes and the popularly named as "Brazilian holocaust", which victimized about 60,000 individuals in the hospital colony of Barbacena, the legal, political and social treatment of the physical and mental health of the unimputable mental illness or incomplete mental development of the criminal law offender is still based on omission, disrespect and non-compliance with constitutional powers. In the same sense, Law 10.216/2001, pointed out as the main achievement of the psychiatric reform movement in Brazil, has also been disconfirmed by the Public Authorities when the subject is a measure of security and psychiatric hospitalization. The present work, in these terms, using the hypothetical-deductive method of approach and predominantly of the bibliographic-documentary technique, intends to establish the bases of the theory of security measure as a criminal reprimand and analyze the sanatory reality of Brazil today, to delineate the violator scenario that surrounds the whole problem. It is recommended, from the study conducted, the recognition of the Colombian theory of the state of unconstitutional state of affairs, adopted by the Supreme Court in ADPF 347 in relation to Brazilian penitential, security measures. The central hypothesis will be the proposal of alternatives, theoretical and practical, to the procedural, legislative and compliance format of the institute, aiming at the constitutional precepts of citizenship, human dignity and all other individual rights guaranteed by the Constitution of 1988 for the formation and development of a Democratic State of Law.
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Palavras-chave
Direito Penal, Execução Penal, Hospitais de custódia e tratamento psiquiátrico, Manicômio judiciário, Medida de segurança, Criminal law, Correctional rehabilitation, Judiciary mental hospitals, Hospital-prison, Security measure