Crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla produzidas em tubete degradável e bandeja coletora de água
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Data
2023-03-31
Autores
Cury, Letícia Duron
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A revolução dos viveiros na década de 80 ocorreu com o uso de tubetes de polietileno, e mesmo apresentando alguns pontos negativos, ainda são muito utilizados em todo o setor florestal. Mas, esses tubetes, ainda apresentam algumas desvantagens, como uso de fonte não renovável, geração de resíduos, necessidade de remoção no ato do plantio e custos com retorno e higienização. Além disso, as necessidades de redução de custos no viveiro, impulsionam a evolução nas técnicas de produção de mudas e produtos utilizados, entre eles os tubetes degradáveis e bandejas coletoras de água. Como a qualidade das mudas e o seu posterior crescimento no campo são uns dos principais critérios que garantem o êxito de um povoamento florestal. Neste estudo, foi avaliado o crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla produzidas nos sistemas de tubete de polietileno e degradável, consciente do viés tanto para as condições de viveiro quanto para as condições de campo. Assim, o objetivo geral foi avaliar se mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla (AEC 0144) produzidas no sistema de tubetes degradáveis possuem o mesmo desenvolvimento inicial de mudas produzidas no sistema de tubetes de polietileno, tanto em condições de viveiro quanto em condições de campo. Para isso, foram traçados dois objetivos específicos: (1) avaliar em condições de viveiro a fase de crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla (AEC 0144) produzidas nos sistemas de tubetes de polietileno e degradável na ocupação de 25% e 50% das bandejas planas de polietileno com 176 células e na ocupação de 100% das bandejas coletoras de água com 40 células, dispostas em lâminas de 15 mm.dia-1 . (2) avaliar em condições de campo o crescimento inicial de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla (AEC 0144) produzidas nos sistemas de tubetes de polietileno, degradável e degradável com três fissuras realizadas ao longo do tubete no dia da implantação do experimento na ocupação de 25% de bandejas planas de polietileno com 176 células e na ocupação de 100% das bandejas coletoras de água com 40 células. Para as condições de viveiro as variáveis altura, diâmetro, sobrevivência, Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD), massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca do sistema radicular foram avaliadas aos 70 dias após a implantação do experimento. Para as condições de campo as variáveis altura, diâmetro, sobrevivência, degradação do tubete degradável, desenvolvimento do sistema radicular e massa seca do sistema radicular e parte aérea foram avaliados aos 40, 77, 98, 154 e 223 dias após a implantação do experimento no campo. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no viveiro, o tubete degradável e a bandeja coletora de água auxiliaram no melhor desenvolvimento das mudas em relação à altura e IQD. Os tubetes e as bandejas utilizadas no estudo não influenciaram estatisticamente no desenvolvimento das variáveis massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca do sistema radicular e massa seca total das mudas. A bandeja coletora de água e a bandeja com ocupação de 25% das células auxiliaram no melhor desenvolvimento das mudas em relação ao diâmetro. Houve maior sobrevivência das mudas produzidas em bandeja coletora de água. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no campo, o tubete de polietileno, tubete degradável fissurado e bandeja coletora de água propiciaram melhor desenvolvimento da muda em altura aos 40 dias. Aos 77 e 98 dias, somente o tubete de polietileno propiciou melhores alturas. Aos 40 e 77 dias o tubete de polietileno possibilitou melhor desenvolvimento da muda em diâmetro. As mudas produzidas em tubete de polietileno e tubete degradável fissurado nas bandejas planas de polietileno com ocupação de 25% das células não apresentaram mortalidade aos 40 dias. As fissuras parciais e totais foram mais frequentes no tubete degradável fissurado e de acordo com as variações no estágio de degradação dos tubetes degradável e degradável fissurado, o período de 223 dias não foi suficiente para ocorrer a decomposição do tubete.
The nursery revolution in the 80's occurred with the use of polyethylene tubes, and even with some negative points, they are still widely used throughout the forestry sector. However, these tubes still have some features preserved, such as the use of non-renewable sources, waste generation, the need to remove them during planting and return and health costs. In addition, the need to reduce costs in the nursery has driven the evolution in seedling production techniques and products used, including degradable tubes and water collection trays. As the quality of the seedlings and their subsequent growth in the field are one of the main criteria that guarantee the success of a forest stand. In this study, the growth of Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings produced in degradable polyethylene tube systems was evaluated, aware of the bias for both nursery and field conditions. Thus, the general objective was to evaluate whether seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla (AEC 0144) produced in the degradable tube system have the same initial development as seedlings produced in the polyethylene tube system, both in nursery and field conditions. For this, two specific ones were traced: (1) to evaluate in nursery conditions the growth phase of objective seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla (AEC 0144) produced in systems of polyethylene and degradable tubes in the occupation of 25% and 50% of the flat polyethylene trays with 176 cells and occupying 100% of the water collection trays with 40 cells, arranged in slides of 15 mm.dia-1. (2) to evaluate under field conditions the initial growth of Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings (AEC 0144) produced in polyethylene tube systems, degradable and degradable, with three cracks made along the tube on the day the experiment was implemented at a 25% occupancy of flat polyethylene trays with 176 cells and the occupation of 100% of the water collection trays with 40 cells. For the nursery conditions, the variables height, diameter, survival, Dickson Quality Index (DQI), dry mass of the aerial part and dry mass of the root system were evaluated at 70 days after the implementation of the experiment. For the field conditions, the variables height, diameter, survival, degradation of the degradable tube, development of the root system and dry mass of the root system and aerial part were evaluated at 40, 77, 98, 154 and 223 days after the implementation of the experiment in the field. field. According to the results obtained in the nursery, the degradable tube and the water collecting tray helped in the better development of the seedlings in relation to height and IQD. The tubes and trays used in the study did not statistically influence the development of the variables dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system and total dry mass of the seedlings. The water collecting tray and the tray with an occupation of 25% of the cells helped in the better development of the seedlings in relation to the diameter. There was greater survival of seedlings produced in water collecting trays. According to the results obtained in the field, the polyethylene tube, cracked degradable tube and water collection tray provided better seedling development in height at 40 days. At 77 and 98 days, only the polyethylene tube provided better heights. At 40 and 77 days, the polyethylene tube allowed a better development of the seedling in diameter. The seedlings produced in polyethylene tubes and cracked degradable tubes in flat polyethylene trays with 25% cell occupation showed no mortality after 40 days. Partial and total cracks were more frequent in the cracked degradable tubes and, according to the variations in the degradation stage of the cracked degradable and degradable tubes, the period of 223 days was not enough for the tube to decompose
The nursery revolution in the 80's occurred with the use of polyethylene tubes, and even with some negative points, they are still widely used throughout the forestry sector. However, these tubes still have some features preserved, such as the use of non-renewable sources, waste generation, the need to remove them during planting and return and health costs. In addition, the need to reduce costs in the nursery has driven the evolution in seedling production techniques and products used, including degradable tubes and water collection trays. As the quality of the seedlings and their subsequent growth in the field are one of the main criteria that guarantee the success of a forest stand. In this study, the growth of Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings produced in degradable polyethylene tube systems was evaluated, aware of the bias for both nursery and field conditions. Thus, the general objective was to evaluate whether seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla (AEC 0144) produced in the degradable tube system have the same initial development as seedlings produced in the polyethylene tube system, both in nursery and field conditions. For this, two specific ones were traced: (1) to evaluate in nursery conditions the growth phase of objective seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla (AEC 0144) produced in systems of polyethylene and degradable tubes in the occupation of 25% and 50% of the flat polyethylene trays with 176 cells and occupying 100% of the water collection trays with 40 cells, arranged in slides of 15 mm.dia-1. (2) to evaluate under field conditions the initial growth of Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings (AEC 0144) produced in polyethylene tube systems, degradable and degradable, with three cracks made along the tube on the day the experiment was implemented at a 25% occupancy of flat polyethylene trays with 176 cells and the occupation of 100% of the water collection trays with 40 cells. For the nursery conditions, the variables height, diameter, survival, Dickson Quality Index (DQI), dry mass of the aerial part and dry mass of the root system were evaluated at 70 days after the implementation of the experiment. For the field conditions, the variables height, diameter, survival, degradation of the degradable tube, development of the root system and dry mass of the root system and aerial part were evaluated at 40, 77, 98, 154 and 223 days after the implementation of the experiment in the field. field. According to the results obtained in the nursery, the degradable tube and the water collecting tray helped in the better development of the seedlings in relation to height and IQD. The tubes and trays used in the study did not statistically influence the development of the variables dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system and total dry mass of the seedlings. The water collecting tray and the tray with an occupation of 25% of the cells helped in the better development of the seedlings in relation to the diameter. There was greater survival of seedlings produced in water collecting trays. According to the results obtained in the field, the polyethylene tube, cracked degradable tube and water collection tray provided better seedling development in height at 40 days. At 77 and 98 days, only the polyethylene tube provided better heights. At 40 and 77 days, the polyethylene tube allowed a better development of the seedling in diameter. The seedlings produced in polyethylene tubes and cracked degradable tubes in flat polyethylene trays with 25% cell occupation showed no mortality after 40 days. Partial and total cracks were more frequent in the cracked degradable tubes and, according to the variations in the degradation stage of the cracked degradable and degradable tubes, the period of 223 days was not enough for the tube to decompose
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Palavras-chave
sobrevivência das mudas, degradação do tubete degradável, biomassa aérea, biomassa radicular, seedlings survival, water collection tray, degradable tube degradation, aerial and root biomass