Desempenho, características de carcaça, qualidade da carne e análise do proteoma de bovinos cruzados F1 Montana-Nelore suplementados com vitamina A
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2023-03-01
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho objetivou descrever alterações na expressão de proteínas no tecido muscular e seus impactos sobre deposição de gordura intramuscular, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de bovinos cruzados que receberam injeção instramuscular de vitamina A após o nascimento. Quarenta bezerros machos, cruzados (F1 Montana × Nelore) foram utilizados desde o nascimento até a fase de terminação em confinamento (vitamina A versus controle). No dia do nascimento, vinte bezerros do tratamento com vitamina A (vit.A) receberam uma dose de 300.000 Unidades Internacionais (UI) via injeção intramuscular. Após o desmame, aos 210 dias, os animais de ambos os tratamentos foram levados ao confinamento e alojados em baias individuais. O abate dos animais ocorreu após 180 dias de confinamento em frigorífico comercial. Foram mensuradas na carcaça peso da carcaça quente (PCq), rendimento total da carcaça quente (RCq), peso da carcaça fria (PCf) e rendimento de carcaça fria (RCf). O músculo Longissimus thoracis (LT) foi separado entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas da meia carcaça esquerda do restante da carcaça e antes de ser desossado foi avaliado a espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e a área de olho de lombo (AOL). Na linha de abate (carcaça quente) foram coletadas amostras da meia carcaça esquerda de todos os animais entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas para as análises de biologia molecular (eletroforese bidimensional em gel de poliacrimida e espectrometria de massas). Após período de resfriamento em câmara fria (24h), também foram coletadas amostras do músculo LT de todos os animais entre as 12ª e 13ª costelas da meia carcaça esquerda para a condução de análises físico-químicas de qualidade como cor (L*, a*, b*), maciez (FC) e perdas por cocção (PPC). Não houve diferenças entre as características de carcaça de crescimento (PCQ e AOL) e acabamento (EGS) avaliadas (P > 0,05). As carnes dos animas que receberam vit.A apresentaram uma tendência (P = 0,07) de carne mais macia em comparação ao controle aos 3 dias de maturação. A cor e as PPC da carne não foram afetadas (P > 0,05). No tratamento vit.A versus controle foram observados maiores teores de gordura intramuscular (P < 0,05). Por meio de estudo de imagem dos géis, identificou-se 78 spots proteicos correspondentes a 17 proteínas diferencialmente expressas (P < 0,05) entre os tratamentos. Após a caracterização das proteínas e estudos de bioinformática, verificou-se que a injeção intramuscular com vit.A afetou o proteoma e a interação proteína-proteína no músculo LT. Observou-se maior abundância de proteínas do metabolismo energético (LDHA, MDH2, GAPDH, ENO3, TPI1, CKM e COX5A), contração muscular (ACTB, ACTC1, ACTG1, ACTG2, ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTN1, ACTN2, ACTN3, TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, MYH1, PDLIM3 e TNNT3), proteínas de choque térmico (DNAJC18), ligação proteica, transporte e sinalização (TUBA4A, VIM, TBA1B e EEF1A2) no tratamento com vit.A. Assim, a maior abundância dessas proteínas em resposta à injeção intramuscular de vit. A pós-natal contribuiu para melhores características de qualidade da carne em bovinos cruzados terminados em confinamento.
This study aimed to describe changes in protein expression in muscle tissue and their impact on intramuscular fat deposition, carcass traits and meat quality of crossbred cattle that received intramuscular injection of vitamin A after birth. Forty male, crossbred (F1 Montana × Nellore) calves were used from birth to finishing in feedlot (vitamin A versus control). On the day of birth, twenty calves from the vitamin A (vit.A) treatment received a dose of 300,000 International Units (IU) via intramuscular injection. After weaning, at 210 days, the animals from both treatments were taken to feedlot and housed in individual stalls. The animals were slaughtered after 180 days of confinement in a commercial slaughterhouse. Hot carcass weight (PCq), total hot carcass yield (RCq), cold carcass weight (PCf) and cold carcass yield (RCf) were measured on the carcass. The Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle was separated between the 12th and 13th ribs of the left half carcass from the rest of the carcass and before being boned, the subcutaneous fat thickness (EGS) and the ribeye area (AOL) were evaluated. On the slaughter line (hot carcass) samples were collected from the left half carcass of all animals between the 12th and 13th ribs for molecular biology analyzes (two-dimensional electrophoresis in polyacrimide gel and mass spectrometry). After a period of cooling in a cold chamber (24h), samples of the LT muscle were also collected from all animals between the 12th and 13th ribs of the left half carcass to conduct physicochemical analyzes of quality such as color (L*, a* , b*), softness (FC) and cooking losses (PPC). There were no differences between growth (PCQ and AOL) and finishing (EGS) carcass traits evaluated (P > 0.05). Meat from animals that received vit.A showed a tendency (P = 0.07) for meat to be more tender compared to the control at 3 days of aging. Meat color and PPC were unaffected (P > 0.05). In the vit.A treatment versus control, higher levels of intramuscular fat were observed (P < 0.05). Higher levels of intramuscular fat (P < 0.05) were observed in the vitamin A treatment versus control (4.10 vs. 2.57 ± 0.27%). By means of imaging the gels, 78 protein spots corresponding to 17 differentially expressed proteins (P < 0.05) were identified between treatments. After protein characterization and bioinformatics studies, it was found that intramuscular injection with vitamin A affected the proteome and protein-protein interaction in LT muscle. There was a greater abundance of energy metabolism proteins (LDHA, MDH2, GAPDH, ENO3, TPI1, CKM and COX5A), muscle contraction (ACTB, ACTC1, ACTG1, ACTG2, ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTN1, ACTN2, ACTN3 , TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, MYH1, PDLIM3 and TNNT3), heat shock proteins (DNAJC18), protein binding, transport and signaling (TUBA4A, VIM, TBA1B and EEF1A2) in response to vitamin A. Thus, the increased expression of these proteins in response to intramuscular injection of postnatal vitamin A contributed to better meat quality traits in crossbred cattle finished in feedlot.
This study aimed to describe changes in protein expression in muscle tissue and their impact on intramuscular fat deposition, carcass traits and meat quality of crossbred cattle that received intramuscular injection of vitamin A after birth. Forty male, crossbred (F1 Montana × Nellore) calves were used from birth to finishing in feedlot (vitamin A versus control). On the day of birth, twenty calves from the vitamin A (vit.A) treatment received a dose of 300,000 International Units (IU) via intramuscular injection. After weaning, at 210 days, the animals from both treatments were taken to feedlot and housed in individual stalls. The animals were slaughtered after 180 days of confinement in a commercial slaughterhouse. Hot carcass weight (PCq), total hot carcass yield (RCq), cold carcass weight (PCf) and cold carcass yield (RCf) were measured on the carcass. The Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle was separated between the 12th and 13th ribs of the left half carcass from the rest of the carcass and before being boned, the subcutaneous fat thickness (EGS) and the ribeye area (AOL) were evaluated. On the slaughter line (hot carcass) samples were collected from the left half carcass of all animals between the 12th and 13th ribs for molecular biology analyzes (two-dimensional electrophoresis in polyacrimide gel and mass spectrometry). After a period of cooling in a cold chamber (24h), samples of the LT muscle were also collected from all animals between the 12th and 13th ribs of the left half carcass to conduct physicochemical analyzes of quality such as color (L*, a* , b*), softness (FC) and cooking losses (PPC). There were no differences between growth (PCQ and AOL) and finishing (EGS) carcass traits evaluated (P > 0.05). Meat from animals that received vit.A showed a tendency (P = 0.07) for meat to be more tender compared to the control at 3 days of aging. Meat color and PPC were unaffected (P > 0.05). In the vit.A treatment versus control, higher levels of intramuscular fat were observed (P < 0.05). Higher levels of intramuscular fat (P < 0.05) were observed in the vitamin A treatment versus control (4.10 vs. 2.57 ± 0.27%). By means of imaging the gels, 78 protein spots corresponding to 17 differentially expressed proteins (P < 0.05) were identified between treatments. After protein characterization and bioinformatics studies, it was found that intramuscular injection with vitamin A affected the proteome and protein-protein interaction in LT muscle. There was a greater abundance of energy metabolism proteins (LDHA, MDH2, GAPDH, ENO3, TPI1, CKM and COX5A), muscle contraction (ACTB, ACTC1, ACTG1, ACTG2, ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTN1, ACTN2, ACTN3 , TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, MYH1, PDLIM3 and TNNT3), heat shock proteins (DNAJC18), protein binding, transport and signaling (TUBA4A, VIM, TBA1B and EEF1A2) in response to vitamin A. Thus, the increased expression of these proteins in response to intramuscular injection of postnatal vitamin A contributed to better meat quality traits in crossbred cattle finished in feedlot.
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Palavras-chave
Ácido retinoico, Adipogênese, Confinamento, Lipogênese, Nutrigenômica