Coordenação Federativa e Capacidades Estatais dos Municípios: uma análise do cumprimento das metas do pacto de aprimoramento do SUAS
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2022-06-28
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Mesmo diante do processo de descentralização ocorrido pós-1988, quando os municípios ganharam um papel relevante para a produção e implementação das políticas sociais brasileiras, o governo federal ocupou um papel fundamental ao desenvolver diversos instrumentos para realizar a coordenação federativa. Em que pese a relevância do papel da coordenação federativa, os impactos da produção de políticas em âmbito local ainda não foram devidamente esclarecidos. Com isso, faz-se necessária a ampliação de pesquisas que investiguem de que maneira as características dos municípios afeta a gestão e a oferta de serviços de políticas descentralizadas, podendo limitar os instrumentos de regulação federal, como os sistemas nacionais de políticas. Compreender o impacto do perfil dos municípios na estruturação de políticas coordenadas nacionalmente constitui-se um grande desafio, diante da diversidade encontrada nos mais de 5 mil municípios e das complexas relações intergovernamentais estabelecidas na federação brasileira. Tendo em vista a interface entre as relações intergovernamentais e coordenação federativa para compreender a produção conjunta de políticas públicas descentralizadas, o presente trabalho se propõe a verificar se as capacidades estatais dos municípios impactam a coordenação do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), usando como objeto de estudo o cumprimento das metas do Pacto de Aprimoramento da do SUAS - Gestão municipal, vigente no período de 2014 a 2017. O esforço é o de compreender se as capacidades estatais dos municípios limitam o processo de coordenação realizado pela União para o avanço e a efetivação da Política Nacional de Assistência Social, coordenada através do SUAS. A fim de atingir esse objetivo, utilizamos o indicador sintético de capacidades estatais – Índice de Capacidades de Assistência Social (ICAS) – proposto por Silva (2015), correlacionando-o com o cumprimento das metas do Pacto de Aprimoramento do SUAS (2014-2017), verificando assim a existência de associação entre o cumprimento do Pacto de Aprimoramento e as capacidades estatais municipais.
Even in the face of the decentralization process that took place after 1988, when the municipalities gained an important role in the production and implementation of Brazilian social policies, the federal government played a fundamental role in developing various instruments to carry out federative coordination. Despite the importance of the role of federative coordination, the impacts of policy production at the local level have not yet been properly clarified. As a result, it is necessary to expand research that investigates how the characteristics of municipalities affect the management and provision of decentralized policy services, which may limit federal regulatory instruments, such as national policy systems. Understanding the impact of the profile of municipalities in the structuring of nationally coordinated policies is a great challenge, given the diversity found in more than 5 thousand municipalities and the complex intergovernmental relations established in the Brazilian federation. Considering the interface between intergovernmental relations and federative coordination to understand the joint production of decentralized public policies, the present work proposes to verify if the state capacities of the municipalities impact the coordination of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), using as object of study is the fulfillment of the goals of the Pact for Improvement of the SUAS - Municipal Management, in force from 2014 to 2017. The effort is to understand if the state capacities of the municipalities limit the coordination process carried out by the Union for the advancement and the implementation of the National Social Assistance Policy, coordinated through SUAS. In order to achieve this objective, we used the synthetic indicator of state capacities - Social Assistance Capacity Index (ICAS) - proposed by Silva (2015), correlating it with the achievement of the goals of the SUAS Improvement Pact (2014-2017), thus verifying the existence of an association between compliance with the Improvement Pact and municipal state capacities.
Even in the face of the decentralization process that took place after 1988, when the municipalities gained an important role in the production and implementation of Brazilian social policies, the federal government played a fundamental role in developing various instruments to carry out federative coordination. Despite the importance of the role of federative coordination, the impacts of policy production at the local level have not yet been properly clarified. As a result, it is necessary to expand research that investigates how the characteristics of municipalities affect the management and provision of decentralized policy services, which may limit federal regulatory instruments, such as national policy systems. Understanding the impact of the profile of municipalities in the structuring of nationally coordinated policies is a great challenge, given the diversity found in more than 5 thousand municipalities and the complex intergovernmental relations established in the Brazilian federation. Considering the interface between intergovernmental relations and federative coordination to understand the joint production of decentralized public policies, the present work proposes to verify if the state capacities of the municipalities impact the coordination of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), using as object of study is the fulfillment of the goals of the Pact for Improvement of the SUAS - Municipal Management, in force from 2014 to 2017. The effort is to understand if the state capacities of the municipalities limit the coordination process carried out by the Union for the advancement and the implementation of the National Social Assistance Policy, coordinated through SUAS. In order to achieve this objective, we used the synthetic indicator of state capacities - Social Assistance Capacity Index (ICAS) - proposed by Silva (2015), correlating it with the achievement of the goals of the SUAS Improvement Pact (2014-2017), thus verifying the existence of an association between compliance with the Improvement Pact and municipal state capacities.
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Relações intergovernamentais, Capacidades estatais, Coordenação Federativa, Assistência Social, SUAS, Intergovernmental relations, State capabilities, Federative Coordination, Social assistance