Variações genéticas e morfométricas entre as aranhas Pterinopelma longisternalis (Bertani 2001) e Pterinopelma roseus (Mello-Leitão, 1923) (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae)
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Data
2023-05-17
Autores
Moeller, Wolf J.
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Aranhas da infraordem Mygalomorphae, conhecidas como caranguejeiras, se caracterizam pela alta homogeneidade morfológica e hábitos de vida sedentários, que refletem em baixa vagilidade e capacidade de dispersão. Estas características normalmente ocasionam forte estruturação na genética populacional. Desta forma, tornam-se excelentes organismos modelos em estudos integrativos pautados pela filogeografia e a morfometria geométrica. As espécies irmãs Pterinopelma longisternalis e Pterinopelma roseus (Theraphosidae), possuem ampla distribuição na região sul do Brasil, com possível co-ocorrência no oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina. Dada suas relações filogenéticas e suas semelhanças morfológicas, é proposta uma análise integrativa usando métodos morfométricos, para testar se existem diferenças morfológicas, e genéticas, para recuperar a história evolutiva, entre as duas espécies. Os resultados das análises morfométricas conseguiram diferenciar com sucesso P. longisternalis de P. roseus, pela forma do esterno (apesar do aspecto contínuo desse caráter) e pela morfologia dos bulbos copulatórios dos machos. Além disso, foi proposta uma análise genética para explorar as possíveis variações intra e interespecíficas das duas espécies. Os resultados moleculares apontaram a existência de uma terceira linhagem genética, com morfologia críptica a P. longisternalis.
Mygalomorphae spiders compound an infraorder, known as tarantula. They are characterized by high morphological homogeneity and sedentary lifestyle habits, which reflect in low vagility and dispersal capacity. These characteristics normally cause strong structuring in population genetics. In this way, they become excellent model organisms in integrative studies guided by phylogeography and geometric morphometry. The sister species Pterinopelma longisternalis and Pterinopelma roseus (Theraphosidae), have a wide distribution in southern Brazil, with possible co-occurrence in western Santa Catarina State. Given their phylogenetic relationships and their morphological similarities, an integrative analysis is proposed using morphometric methods, to test whether there are morphological and genetic differences, to recover the evolutionary history, between the two species. The results of the morphometric analyzes were able to successfully differentiate P. longisternalis from P. roseus, by the shape of the sternum (despite the continuous appearance of this character) and by the morphology of the male copulatory bulbs. In addition, a genetic analysis was proposed to explore the possible intra and interspecific variations of the two species. Molecular results pointed to the existence of a third genetic lineage, with cryptic morphology to P. longisternalis.
Mygalomorphae spiders compound an infraorder, known as tarantula. They are characterized by high morphological homogeneity and sedentary lifestyle habits, which reflect in low vagility and dispersal capacity. These characteristics normally cause strong structuring in population genetics. In this way, they become excellent model organisms in integrative studies guided by phylogeography and geometric morphometry. The sister species Pterinopelma longisternalis and Pterinopelma roseus (Theraphosidae), have a wide distribution in southern Brazil, with possible co-occurrence in western Santa Catarina State. Given their phylogenetic relationships and their morphological similarities, an integrative analysis is proposed using morphometric methods, to test whether there are morphological and genetic differences, to recover the evolutionary history, between the two species. The results of the morphometric analyzes were able to successfully differentiate P. longisternalis from P. roseus, by the shape of the sternum (despite the continuous appearance of this character) and by the morphology of the male copulatory bulbs. In addition, a genetic analysis was proposed to explore the possible intra and interspecific variations of the two species. Molecular results pointed to the existence of a third genetic lineage, with cryptic morphology to P. longisternalis.
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Palavras-chave
Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae, Morfometria, Sistemática filogenética, Morphometry, Phylogenetic systematics