Diversidade de fungos associados a Eucalyptus tereticornis e Bambusa vulgaris da Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, Rio Claro, SP
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2021-09-21
Autores
Andrade, Caroline Jonas de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os fungos em geral apresentam características ecológicas muito diversas, permitindo-lhes adaptação a uma ampla gama de condições ambientais, inclusive adversas. Espécies dematiáceas (melanizadas) estão associadas a uma grande amplitude de nichos naturais e artificiais, como saunas, máquinas de lavar louça, oficinas mecânicas, rochas, monumentos, geleiras, vegetais, animais endotérmicos e ectotérmicos. Plantas como eucalipto e bambu foram relatadas como potenciais fontes de fungos dematiáceos, dentre outros, curiosamente revelando a presença de espécies oportunistas. A Floresta Estadual “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade”, localizada em Rio Claro, SP, foi o berço da introdução do Eucalyptus no Brasil e ainda hoje abriga várias espécies de importância econômica. Objetivando contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade fúngica associada a Eucalyptus tereticornis e Bambusa vulgaris, com ênfase em um grupo de fungos melanizados, métodos independentes (metataxonomia) e dependentes de cultivo (isolamento seletivo) foram utilizados. Solo rizosférico e córtex vegetal foram estudados, em um total de 12 amostras. A metataxonomia revelou 3104 Unidades Operacionais Taxonômicas (OTUs) de ITS e classificou 354 gêneros, 196 famílias e 8 filos pertencentes ao Reino Fungi. Também classificou 15 espécies, 12 gêneros e 3 famílias pertencentes à ordem Chaetothyriales. Observou-se que muitos apresentam importância clínica e biotecnológica. O isolamento seletivo resultou em 69 culturas de fungos dematiáceos, as quais foram preservadas no acervo de microrganismos do Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental/Táxon, CEA-Unesp Rio Claro. Dentre os isolados, 22 foram sequenciados e identificados molecularmente, evidenciando a ocorrência dos táxons Cladosporium spp., Cyphellophora musae, Exophiala spp. e Exophiala pisciphila. Das amostras analisadas, o solo rizosférico demonstrou maior diversidade e riqueza de fungos, em especial a região do talhão de eucalipto 29, área sul da floresta. Esse estudo mostrou ainda que o local de estudos constitui um importante reduto do patrimônio genético nacional e, em especial, Eucalyptus e Bambusa abrigam comunidades fúngicas com grande potencial de aplicação na área médica e para bioeconomia.
Fungi in general have very diverse ecological characteristics, allowing them to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, including adverse ones. Dematiaceous (melanized) species are associated with a wide range of natural and artificial niches, such as saunas, dishwashers, mechanical workshops, rocks, monuments, glaciers, endothermic and ectothermic animals. Plant species such as eucalyptus and bamboo were reported as potential sources of opportunistic dematiaceous fungi, among others, curiously revealing the presence of opportunistic species. The Edmundo Navarro de Andrade State Forest, located in Rio Claro, SP, was the birthplace of the introduction of Eucalyptus in Brazil and and still today houses several species of economic importance. Aiming to contribute to the knowledge of fungal diversity associated with Eucalyptus tereticornis and Bambusa vulgaris, with emphasis on a group of melanized fungi, independent (metataxonomy) and dependent (selective isolation) methods were used. Rhizospheric soil and plant cortex were studied, in a total of 12 samples. The metataxonomy revealed 3104 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) of ITS and classified 354 genera, 196 families and 8 phyla belonging to the Kingdom Fungi. It also classified 15 species, 12 genera and 3 families belonging to the order Chaetothyriales. It was observed that many have clinical and biotechnological importance. The selective isolation resulted in 69 cultures of dematiaceous fungi, which were preserved in the collection of microorganisms of the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory/Táxon (LMA), CEA-Unesp Rio Claro. Among the isolates, 22 were sequenced and identified molecularly, showing the occurrence of the taxa Cladosporium spp., Cyphellophora musae, Exophiala spp. and Exophiala pisciphila. Of the samples analyzed, the rhizospheric soil showed greater diversity and richness of fungi, especially in the region of the eucalyptus stand 29, in the southern area of the forest. This work also showed that the study site is an important stronghold of the national genetic heritage and, in particular, Eucalyptus and Bambusa are home to fungal communities with great potential for application in the medical field and for bioeconomy.
Fungi in general have very diverse ecological characteristics, allowing them to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, including adverse ones. Dematiaceous (melanized) species are associated with a wide range of natural and artificial niches, such as saunas, dishwashers, mechanical workshops, rocks, monuments, glaciers, endothermic and ectothermic animals. Plant species such as eucalyptus and bamboo were reported as potential sources of opportunistic dematiaceous fungi, among others, curiously revealing the presence of opportunistic species. The Edmundo Navarro de Andrade State Forest, located in Rio Claro, SP, was the birthplace of the introduction of Eucalyptus in Brazil and and still today houses several species of economic importance. Aiming to contribute to the knowledge of fungal diversity associated with Eucalyptus tereticornis and Bambusa vulgaris, with emphasis on a group of melanized fungi, independent (metataxonomy) and dependent (selective isolation) methods were used. Rhizospheric soil and plant cortex were studied, in a total of 12 samples. The metataxonomy revealed 3104 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) of ITS and classified 354 genera, 196 families and 8 phyla belonging to the Kingdom Fungi. It also classified 15 species, 12 genera and 3 families belonging to the order Chaetothyriales. It was observed that many have clinical and biotechnological importance. The selective isolation resulted in 69 cultures of dematiaceous fungi, which were preserved in the collection of microorganisms of the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory/Táxon (LMA), CEA-Unesp Rio Claro. Among the isolates, 22 were sequenced and identified molecularly, showing the occurrence of the taxa Cladosporium spp., Cyphellophora musae, Exophiala spp. and Exophiala pisciphila. Of the samples analyzed, the rhizospheric soil showed greater diversity and richness of fungi, especially in the region of the eucalyptus stand 29, in the southern area of the forest. This work also showed that the study site is an important stronghold of the national genetic heritage and, in particular, Eucalyptus and Bambusa are home to fungal communities with great potential for application in the medical field and for bioeconomy.
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Bioeconomia, Coleções de culturas, Diversidade fúngica, Espécies crípticas, Fungos melanizados, Metataxonomia, Bioeconomy, Culture collections, Fungal diversity, Cryptic species, Melanized fungi, Metataxonomy, Opportunism