Influência da geometria de blocos cerâmicos no comportamento de vigas paredes de alvenaria estrutural
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Data
2017-01-20
Autores
Martinez, Pedro Henrique [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A alvenaria estrutural é um sistema construtivo que consegue agregar rapidez na execução e economia na obra, por isso está ganhando cada vez mais mercado no Brasil. O componente mais comum utilizado para a construção de edificações em alvenaria estrutural ainda é o bloco de concreto, porém há uma forte tendência na execução de edificações com blocos cerâmicos. A preocupação com os limites de deslocamentos para as estruturas que servem de apoio para a alvenaria eram, a algumas décadas, principalmente em relação aos elementos de fundação, porém, atualmente a importância desse tema aumentou devido ao modelo construtivo atual. As edificações que utilizam esse sistema construtivo estão se tornando cada vez mais arrojadas pela utilização de vãos maiores entre os cômodos e por estruturas de transição entre pavimento térreo e o pavimento tipo. Por essas razões o presente trabalho desenvolveu um programa experimental de ensaios para paredes de alvenaria estrutural utilizando blocos cerâmicos de diferentes geometrias para avaliar a ductibilidade das paredes sujeitas ao deslocamento do elemento de apoio. Foram ensaiadas três paredes para cada geometria de bloco, totalizando quinze paredes. Os resultados obtidos nesses ensaios foram referentes ao aparecimento de fissuras devido à flecha e à carga aplicada em cada parede. O trabalho possibilitou comparar os resultados experimentais com os limites utilizados na norma para os deslocamentos de base das paredes, sendo possível verificar o Estado Limite de Serviço (ELS) nessas condições. Os blocos que apresentaram melhor desempenho em relação ao critério dos deslocamentos limites proposto pela norma NBR 15812-1 em seu item 10.2 foram os cuja relação entre altura e comprimento igual a 0,65.
The structural masonry is a constructive system that can add speed in the execution and economy in the work, reason why it is gaining more and more market in Brazil. The most common component used for the construction of buildings in structural masonry is still the concrete block, however there is a strong tendency in the execution of buildings with ceramic blocks. The concern with the limits of displacements for the structures that serve as support for the masonry were, in a few decades, mainly in relation to the elements of foundation, but nowadays the importance of this theme has increased due to the current constructive model. The constructions that use this constructive system are becoming more and more daring by the use of larger spans between the rooms and by transition structures between ground floor and the type pavement. For these reasons the present work developed an experimental program of tests for walls of structural masonry using ceramic blocks of different geometries to evaluate the ductility of the walls subject to the displacement of the support element. Three walls were tested for each block geometry, totaling fifteen walls. The results obtained in these tests were related to the appearance of cracks due to the arrow and the applied load in each wall. The work allowed to compare the experimental results with the limits used in the norm for the base displacements of the walls, being possible to verify the State Service Limit under these conditions. The blocks that presented the best performance in relation to the limit displacement criterion proposed by norm NBR 15812-1 in item 10.2 were those whose relationship between height and length equal to 0.65.
The structural masonry is a constructive system that can add speed in the execution and economy in the work, reason why it is gaining more and more market in Brazil. The most common component used for the construction of buildings in structural masonry is still the concrete block, however there is a strong tendency in the execution of buildings with ceramic blocks. The concern with the limits of displacements for the structures that serve as support for the masonry were, in a few decades, mainly in relation to the elements of foundation, but nowadays the importance of this theme has increased due to the current constructive model. The constructions that use this constructive system are becoming more and more daring by the use of larger spans between the rooms and by transition structures between ground floor and the type pavement. For these reasons the present work developed an experimental program of tests for walls of structural masonry using ceramic blocks of different geometries to evaluate the ductility of the walls subject to the displacement of the support element. Three walls were tested for each block geometry, totaling fifteen walls. The results obtained in these tests were related to the appearance of cracks due to the arrow and the applied load in each wall. The work allowed to compare the experimental results with the limits used in the norm for the base displacements of the walls, being possible to verify the State Service Limit under these conditions. The blocks that presented the best performance in relation to the limit displacement criterion proposed by norm NBR 15812-1 in item 10.2 were those whose relationship between height and length equal to 0.65.
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Palavras-chave
Alvenaria estrutural, Blocos cerâmicos, Elemento de apoio, Limites de deslocamentos.